Internal Impingement of the Shoulder: A Risk of False Positive Test Outcomes in External Impingement Tests?

Table 3

Mechanical contact between the subscapularis and the glenoid labrum (in %).

Mechanical contact	Shoulder position
	90° abduction + 15° internal rotation “horizontal impingement test”	170° abduction “Neer position”	Neutral position	90° flexion, + 15° internal rotation “Hawkins position”
No impingement	86.5	10.8	100.0	32.4
Impingement without deformation	13.5	78.4	0	64.9
Impingement with deformation	0	10.8	0	2.7
Overall	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0