Nanomedicine for Inner Ear Diseases: A Review of Recent In Vivo Studies

Table 1

Studies investigating the uptake or toxicity of nanoparticles in the inner ear.

Nanoparticle	Size of nanoparticle	Animal	Administration route	Loaded drug or gene	Evaluation time	Evaluation of nanoparticle uptake
Poloxamer 407-PLGA NP [19]	181.5 nm	Guinea pigs	Intratympanic	DiR	At 24 h	Near-infrared fluorescence imaging system, confocal microscope
Superparamagnetic NP [20]	100, 200, and 500 nm (three kinds)	Guinea pigs	Intracochlear	None	At 7 days	Toxicity evaluation by ABR
Chitosan-hydrogel-based NP [21]	160 nm	C57BL/6J mice	Intratympanic	Fluorescent dye	At 24 h	Fluorescent microscopy

PLGA: poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); NP: nanoparticle; DiR: 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide; ABR: auditory brainstem response.