Validation of the Italian Version of the Caregiver Abuse Screen among Family Caregivers of Older People with Alzheimer’s Disease
Table 1
Sociodemographic, health, and psychological characteristics of the sampled dyads () by CASE total and subtypes of abuse.
%/mean (SD)
CASE total /mean (SD)
value
CASE interpers. /mean (SD)
value
CASE neglect /mean (SD)
value
AD patients’ characteristics
Gender
Male
125
28.5
3.89 (2.8)
0.300
3.00 (2.2)
0.339
0.89 (0.8)
0.335
Female
313
71.5
3.58 (2.8)
2.78 (2.2)
0.80 (0.8)
Age (years)
438
81.5 (5.7)
0.05
0.312
0.04
0.377
0.05
0.281
IADL
438
35.2 (13.4)
0.20
<0.001
0.20
<0.001
0.15
0.002
ADL
438
1.5 (1.6)
0.00
0.933
−0.02
0.731
0.06
0.221
MMSE
438
16.2 (3.3)
−0.06
0.191
−0.06
0.176
−0.04
0.415
Behav. disturbances (no)
322
73.5
3.11 (2.6)
<0.001
2.39 (2.1)
<0.001
0.72 (0.8)
<0.001
Behav. disturbances (yes)
116
26.5
5.22 (2.6)
4.10 (2.1)
1.12 (0.8)
Caregivers’ characteristics
Gender
Male
148
33.8
3.20 (2.8)
0.011
2.52 (2.3)
0.030
0.68 (0.8)
0.005
Female
290
66.2
3.91 (2.7)
3.00 (2.2)
0.91 (0.8)
Age (years)
438
61.4 (13.1)
0.08
0.089
0.08
0.114
0.07
0.121
Relationship
Spouse
135
30.8
4.05 (2.8)
0.067
3.13 (2.2)
0.092
0.92 (0.8)
0.088
Child/child-in-law
244
55.7
3.39 (2.7)
2.64 (2.2)
0.75 (0.8)
Other relative
59
13.5
3.95 (2.9)
3.02 (2.2)
0.93 (0.9)
Education
No title/basic level
132
30.1
4.05 (2.9)
0.063
3.12 (2.2)
0.096
0.93 (0.8)
0.094
Primary level
109
24.9
3.88 (2.9)
3.00 (2.2)
0.88 (0.8)
Intermediate level
161
36.7
3.40 (2.8)
2.64 (2.2)
0.76 (0.8)
High level
36
8.2
2.83 (2.2)
2.25 (1.9)
0.58 (0.7)
MSPSS
Total
438
62.1 (13.8)
−0.18
<0.001
−0.18
<0.001
−0.11
0.020
Family
438
23.4 (5.7)
−0.16
0.001
−0.16
0.001
−0.13
0.008
Friends
438
15.7 (7.6)
−0.16
0.001
−0.17
<0.001
−0.10
0.041
Others
438
23.1 (5.7)
−0.06
0.241
−0.07
0.166
−0.01
0.794
MCS-12
438
41.4 (11.8)
−0.38
<0.001
−0.34
<0.001
−0.38
<0.001
PCS-12
438
47.4 (9.7)
−0.17
<0.001
−0.16
0.001
−0.15
0.002
CBI
438
27.6 (16.8)
0.55
<0.001
0.51
<0.001
0.48
<0.001
HADS anxiety
438
6.8 (4.3)
0.38
<0.001
0.33
<0.001
0.40
<0.001
HADS depression
438
7.5 (4.4)
0.35
<0.001
0.31
<0.001
0.35
<0.001
CASE
438
3.7 (2.8)
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Notes: values in column “%/mean” are expressed in either percentage or mean (±standard deviation, SD) where appropriate; values in column “CASE” are expressed in either (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) or mean (±standard deviation, SD) where appropriate; ADL = activities of daily living (normal score 6/6); IADL = instrumental activities of daily living (normal score 48/48); MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination (normal score range 24–30); MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (range 4–28 for each subtotal score and 12–84 for the total score); MCS-12 = Mental Component Score (score range 0–100); PCS-12 = Physical Component Score (score range 0–100); CBI = Caregiver Burden Inventory (score range 0–96); HADS = Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (total score 21 each: 11–21 probable cases, 8–10 possible cases, and 0–7 no cases); CASE = Caregiver Abuse Screen; CASE total (score range 0–8); CASE interpersonal/physical-psychological abuse: items: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 (score range 0–6); CASE neglect: items 5 and 7 (score range 0–2).
