Molecular Abnormalities Underlying Bone Fragility in Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Components of bone quality.

Structural properties		Material properties
Analytical method	Parameter	Analytical method	Parameter
Bone histomorphometry	Trabecular number	Bone histomorphometry	Mineralization
	Trabecular thickness
	Trabecular connectivity	FTIR, Raman	Relative mineralization
	Cortical thickness		Collagen crosslinking ration
			Crystal size, purity, perfection
MicroCT, pQCT, HR-pQCT	Cortical thickness	HPLC	Collagen crosslinking type
	Cortical porosity
	Trabecular number	Back scattered electron imaging	Mineral density distribution
	Trabecular thickness
	Trabecular connectivity	EDX	Elemental analysis
Bone histomorphometry, CMS	Microdamage length, density	X-ray diffraction	Apatite orientation

Micro-CT, microcomputed tomography; pQCT, peripheral quantitative computed tomography; HR-pQCT, high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography; CMS, contact microradiograph; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.