| | Study: first author, year | Country cohort details | Participants, age (years) | AMD | Mean follow-up, years | Adjusted RR
(95% CI) | Adjustment for covariates |
| | Borger et al. 2003 | The Rotterdam Study
(Netherlands) | 6,339,
68.4 (8.6) | 581 | 7 | 0.96 (0.73, 1.25) | Age, sex, smoking, BMI, cholesterol level, atherosclerosis, hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease |
| | Buch et al. 2005 | The Copenhagen City Eye Study (Denmark) | 866,
65.5 (5.6) | 228 | 14 | 1.26 (1.06, 1.51) | Age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, total cholesterol level, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, any cataract, visual loss (20/40) |
| | Gopinath et al. 2016 | BMES (Australian) | 3,659
66.2 (9.7) | 227 | 15 | 1.07 (0.87, 1.32) | Age, sex, qualifications, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, poor self-rated health, walking disability, presence of hypertension and/or diabetes, doctor-diagnosed history of cancer, angina, stroke and/or acute myocardial infarction |
| | Fisher et al. 2015 | AGES (Island) | 4,910,
77.0 (5.9) | 1341 | 8.6 | 1.26
(1.00, 1.59) | Age, gender |
| | Khanna et al. 2013 | APEDS (India) | 4,188 > 30 | 32 | 11 | 1.44 (0.92, 2.26) | Age, gender, education level, diabetes, hypertension, BMI, smoking status |
| | Pedula et al. 2015 | SOF (USA) | 1,202,
79.5 | 487 | 9.5 | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | Age, race, self-reported frailty, BMI, Mini-Mental State Examination score, walking speed, history of congestive heart failure, history of myocardial infarction, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of thiazide diuretic |
| | Siantar et al. 2015 | The Singapore Malay Eye Study (Malaysia) | 3,273, 58.6
(11.1) | 183 | 7.24 | 1.05 (0.74, 1.46) | Age, gender, socioeconomic status, hypertension, smoking, BMI, cardiovascular disease |
| | Thiagarajan et al. 2005 | United Kingdom | 13,569,
81.1 (4.6) | 479 | 6.1 | 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) | Age, gender, BMI, inability to carry out activities of daily living, presence of a major illness at baseline, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, geriatric depression score, daily urinary incontinence, Mini-Mental State Examination score, reported number of falls in the previous 6 months, hearing problems, socioeconomic indicators, self-reported health, low self-reported physical activity levels, smoking history, alcohol intake, social isolation |
| | McCarty et al. 2001 | VIP (Australia) | 3271, 59 | 501 | 5 | 1.36
(0.96, 1.94) | Univariate analysis |
| | Wong et al. 2007 | ARIC (USA) | 11,414,
range, 49–73 | 555 | 8 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.31) | Age, gender, race, center, education, body mass index, systolic and diastolic BP, diabetes status, total plasma cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, pack-years of cigarette smoking, current alcohol consumption |
| | Xu et al. 2008 | The Beijing Eye Study
(China) | 4378, 56.1
(10.5) | 122 | 5 | 1.01
(0.92, 1.10) | Age |
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