Research Article
Advanced Age as a Predictor of Survival and Weaning in Venoarterial Extracorporeal Oxygenation: A Retrospective Observational Study
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients according to in-hospital mortality and ECMO weaning.
| | All patients () | Survivor or nonsurvivor | Successful or failed weaning from ECMO | | Survivors | Nonsurvivors | P | Successful weaning | Failed weaning | | | () | () | () | () |
| Age (years) | | | | .002 | | | .02 | Gender (M/F) | 94/41 | 27/8 | 67/35 | .36 | 38/15 | 56/26 | .82 | Height (cm) | | | | .04 | | | .33 | Body weight (kg) | | | | .18 | | | .28 | Body mass index (kg/m2) | | | | .87 | | | .51 | Body mass index (BMI) | | | | .38 | | | .90 | Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9) | 50 (37.0%) | 15 | 35 | | 18 | 32 | | Overweight (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9) | 34 (25.2%) | 7 | 27 | | 14 | 20 | | Obese (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9) | 45 (33.3%) | 10 | 35 | | 18 | 27 | | Highly obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 6 (4.4%) | 3 | 3 | | 3 | 3 | | ECMO type | | | | .18 | | | .43 | VA ECMO | 129 (95.6%) | 32 | 97 | | 50 | 79 | | VV-VA ECMO | 3 (2.2%) | 2 | 1 | | 2 | 1 | | VA-VV ECMO | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 1 | | 0 | 1 | | VAV ECMO | 1 (0.7%) | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 0 | | VA-VAV ECMO | 1 (0.7%) | 0 | 1 | | 0 | 1 | | Anticoagulation | | | | .31 | | | .13 | With heparin | 55 (40.7%) | 14 | 41 | | 23 | 32 | | With nafamostat | 74 (54.8%) | 21 | 53 | | 30 | 44 | | No anticoagulation | 6 (4.4%) | 0 | 6 | | 0 | 6 | | Primary origin | | | | .27 | | | .56 | Cardiac origin | 105 (77.8%) | 25 | 80 | | 42 | 63 | | Respiratory origin | 1 (0.7%) | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 0 | | Sepsis origin | 27 (20.0%) | 8 | 19 | | 9 | 18 | | Trauma origin | 2 (1.5%) | 1 | 1 | | 1 | 1 | | Admission route | | | | .49 | | | .36 | Via ER | 84 (62.2%) | 24 | 60 | | 36 | 48 | | Via ward | 51 (37.8%) | 11 | 40 | | 17 | 34 | | Arrest occurrence | | | | <.001 | | | .001 | Arrest | 101 (74.8%) | 16 | 85 | | 31 | 70 | | No arrest | 34 (25.2%) | 19 | 15 | | 22 | 12 | | Arrest place | | | | <.001 | | | .001 | Out-hospital arrest | 34 (25.2%) | 10 | 24 | | 13 | 21 | | In-hospital arrest | 67 (49.6%) | 6 | 61 | | 18 | 49 | | No arrest | 34 (25.2%) | 19 | 15 | | 22 | 12 | | CPR | | | | <.001 | | | .002 | Yes | 102 (75.6%) | 17 | 85 | | 32 | 70 | | No | 33 (24.4%) | 18 | 15 | | 21 | 12 | | CPR time (min) | | | | .02 | | | .11 | ECPR | | | | <.001 | | | .005 | Yes | 87 (64.4%) | 12 | 75 | | 26 | 61 | | No | 48 (35.6%) | 23 | 25 | | 27 | 21 | | Operation | | | | .38 | | | .48 | No OP | 122 (90.4%) | 30 | 92 | | 47 | 75 | | ECMO after OP | 4 (3.0%) | 2 | 2 | | 2 | 2 | | OP with ECMO | 2 (1.5%) | 0 | 2 | | 0 | 2 | | OP after ECMO | 7 (5.2%) | 3 | 4 | | 4 | 3 | | HD (days) | | | | <.001 | | | <.001 | ICU stay (days) | | | | <.001 | | | <.001 | CRRT | | | | .47 | | | .54 | Yes | 97 (71.9%) | 23 | 74 | | 36 | 61 | | No | 38 (28.1%) | 12 | 26 | | 17 | 21 | | IABP | | | | .04 | | | .11 | Yes | 22 (16.3%) | 4 | 18 | | 6 | 16 | | No | 111 (82.2%) | 29 | 82 | | 45 | 66 | | Yes after ECMO weaning | 2 (1.5%) | 2 | 0 | | 2 | 0 | | ARF | | | | .005 | | | .35 | Yes | 64 (47.4%) | 9 | 55 | | 22 | 42 | | No | 71 (52.6%) | 26 | 45 | | 31 | 40 | | ECMO time (hours) | | | | .10 | | | .01 | Hypertension | | | | .23 | | | .11 | Yes | 56 (41.5%) | 11 | 45 | | 17 | 39 | | No | 79 (58.5%) | 24 | 55 | | 36 | 43 | | DM | | | | .06 | | | .10 | Yes | 51 (37.8%) | 8 | 43 | | 15 | 36 | | No | 84 (62.2%) | 27 | 57 | | 38 | 46 | | SAPS II | | | | <.001 | | | <.001 | SOFA | | | | <.001 | | | .001 | PDR | | | | <.001 | | | <.001 | iCK-MB | | | | .20 | | | .09 | iTroponin | | | | .37 | | | .14 | iBUN | | | | .24 | | | .38 | iCr | | | | .78 | | | .86 | ipH | | | | <.001 | | | <.001 | Lactate | | | | <.001 | | | <.001 | BNP | | | | .39 | | | .58 | pCK-MB | | | | .66 | | | .43 | pTroponin | | | | .23 | | | .86 | pBUN | | | | .57 | | | .09 | pCr | | | | .94 | | | .39 | pTB | | | | .90 | | | .06 |
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BMI, body mass index; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; ER, emergency room; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; E-CPR, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; OP, operation; HD, hospitalization day; ICU, intensive care unit; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; ARF, acute renal failure; DM, diabetes mellitus; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score II; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment; PDR, predicted death rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB isoenzyme; TB, total bilirubin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.
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