Effective Range of Percutaneous Posterior Full-Endoscopic Paramedian Cervical Disc Herniation Discectomy and Indications for Patient Selection

Figure 2

(a) Preoperative lateral radiograph image of a 42-year-old man with paramedian CDH at C6/7. (b) Endoscope sketch map showing a paramedian disc herniation. (c–e) Pre-, intra-, and postoperative view at C6/7 with dural sac (black circle), protrusive CDH (white delta), and vertebrae (black asterisk). (f) Protrusive cervical intervertebral disc tissue. (g) Histology of CDH with collagen (white arrows) and chondrocytes (black arrows).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)