Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Adrenal Insufficiency: A Short Review

Table 1

Use of oral glucocorticoids (GC) and cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, stratified according to type of outcome event among cases () and controls ().

Outcome event	Ischaemic heart disease	Heart failure	Stroke/TIA
	Ever used oral GC	5,298 (25.6%)	6,401 (44.4%)	3,656 (23.4%)
[1.09 (1.03–1.15)]		[1.91 (1.79–2.03)]	[0.95 (0.89–1.01)]
Timing of oral GC use
Current use	2,507 (12.1%)	4,020 (27.9%)	1,640 (10.5%)
	[1.20 (1.11–1.29)]	[2.66 (2.46–2.87)]	[0.91 (0.84–0.99)]
Recent use	1310 (6.3%)	1,299 (9.0%)	882 (5.7%)
	[0.93 (0.85–1.02)]	[1.40 (1.27–1.55)]	[0.89 (0.80–0.99)]
Past use	1,481 (7.2%)	1,082 (7.5%)	1,134 (7.3%)
	[1.07 (0.98–1.17)]	[1.19 (1.08–1.32)]	[1.06 (0.96–1.17)]

for the use of NSAIDs, hormone replacement therapy, antihypertensive drugs, nitrates, oral anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, antidiabetic drugs, bronchodilators, cromoglycates, inhaled glucocorticoids, DMARDs, smoking, and BMI, adapted to [24].