Isolation of Potential Phages against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates: Promising Agents in the Rivers of Kathmandu, Nepal
Table 1
Spectrum of phages against various pathogenic bacteria and their concentration.
River site
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella spp.
Enterobacter spp.
Citrobacter spp.
Proteus spp.
Pseudomonas spp.
Serratia spp.
Salmonella spp.
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
Effect
Pfu/ml
(+/−)
(+/−)
(+/−)
(+/−)
(+/−)
(+/−)
(+/−)
(+/−)
(1)
+
2.2 × 102
+
1.5 × 103
+
1.0 × 102
+
0.63 × 102
+
0.04 × 102
−
—
+
2.0 × 102
−
—
(2)
+
3.9 × 102
+
3.3 × 103
+
4.5 × 102
+
0.70 × 102
+
0.05 × 102
−
—
+
3.1 × 102
−
—
(3)
+
2.3 × 102
+
4.0 × 103
+
0.06 × 102
+
0.55 × 102
+
0.01 × 102
+
0.06 × 102
+
1.9 × 102
−
—
(4)
+
2.1 × 102
+
2.9 × 103
+
2.5 × 102
+
0.88 × 102
+
0.01 × 102
−
—
+
2.8 × 102
−
—
(5)
+
2.5 × 102
+
1.8 × 103
+
1.4 × 102
+
0.59 × 102
+
0.09 × 102
+
0.08 × 102
+
0.45 × 102
−
—
(6)
+
3.3 × 102
+
2.0 × 103
+
3.5 × 102
+
0.77 × 102
+
0.1 × 102
+
0.05 × 102
+
1.5 × 102
+
0.21 × 102
(7)
+
0.06 × 102
+
1.5 × 103
+
1.9 × 102
+
0.33 × 102
−
—
+
0.04 × 102
+
1.7 × 102
+
0.05 × 102
(8)
+
2.6 × 102
+
2.4 × 103
+
2.2 × 102
+
0.68 × 102
+
0.04 × 102
−
—
+
0.44 × 102
+
0.19 × 102
(9)
+
2.1 × 102
+
2.5 × 103
+
3.2 × 102
+
0.75 × 102
−
—
−
—
+
2.0 × 102
−
—
(10)
+
2.5 × 102
+
2.9 × 103
+
1.8 × 102
+
0.58 × 102
+
0.05 × 102
+
0.08 × 102
+
0.4 × 102
+
0.13 × 102
(1) Rudramati river (Chabahil); (2) Bishnumati river (Teku); (3) Bagmati river (Sankhamool); (4) Bishnumati river (Soalteemode); (5) Bishnumati river (Balkhu); (6) Manohara river (Koteshwor); (7) Kirtipur river; (8) Bagmati river (Thapathali); (9) Rudramati river (Kalopool); (10) Hanumante river (Bhaktapur); [+ for effective, − for non effective phage].
