Interventions: Employees’ Perceptions of What Reduces Stress

Table 1

Summary and frequency of themes by staff type ().

Perceived strategies	Academic		Nonacademic		All
	Frequency		Frequency	%	Frequency	%
Changed job or work role; Personal choice or organizational level	42	23	123	24	165	24
New head of department/supervisor/management; Individual/organization interface level	21	12	55	11	76	11
Specific intervention strategies; Organizational level	8	4	68	14	76	11
Increased personal resources; (Positive coping); (Protective coping); Individual level	24; (14); (10)	14; (8); (6)	47; (43); (4)	10; (9); (1)	71; (57); (14)	10; (8); (2)
Increased staff or resources/systems; Organizational level	7	4	58	12	65	10
Improved colleague relationships/support; Individual/organization interface level	10	6	45	9	55	8
Greater role clarity; Individual/organization interface level	12	7	28	6	40	6
Increased success/recognition/promotion; Individual/organization interface level	21	12	15	3	36	5
Reduced working hours/changed employment status; Individual level	11	6	13	3	24	4
Improved physical/work environment; Organizational level	7	4	13	3	20	3
Increased job security; Organizational level	5	3	13	3	18	3
Improved communication processes; Organizational level	2	1	6	1	8	1
Reduced student numbers; Organizational level	2	1	2	0	4	<1
Other	8	4	17	3	25	4
Total	180	100	503	100	683	100

Note. “%” refers to the responses allocated to each perceived strategy by academic, nonacademic, and all staff as a percentage of the total number of responses given by staff in each of those categories.