| | Reference | Muscle areas |
| | Kamarudin et al. [7] | Biceps brachii and triceps brachii | | Voge and Dingwell [8] | Biceps, middeltoid, midtrapezius, and postdeltoid | | Zawawi et al. [9] | Biceps brachii | | Al-Ashaik et al. [10] | Biceps brachii, erector spinae, anterior deltoid, and trapezius | | Granata and Marras [11] | Erector spinae, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques, rectus abdominis, and latissimus dorsi | | Roy et al. [12] | Longissimus thoracis, iliocostalis lumborum, and multifidus | | Seroussi and Pope [13] | Erector spinae and external oblique | | Graham et al. [14] | Lumbar erector spinae, thoracic erector spinae, and rectus abdominis | | Gagnon et al. [15] | Thoracic erector spinae, lumbar erector spinae, internal oblique, external oblique, rectus abdominis, and latissimus dorsi | | Dolan and Adams [16] | Erector spinae | | Bonato et al. [17] | Iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, and multifidus | | Potvin [18] | Thoracic erector spinae and lumbar erector spinae | | Kingma and Van Dieën [19] | External oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus thoracis, and pars thoracis | | Shin and Kim [20] | Erector spinae, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi, internal oblique, and external oblique | | Cholewicki et al. [21] | Lumbar erector spinae, thoracic erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, internal oblique, external oblique, and rectus abdominis |
|
|
