Comorbidity, Pain, Utilization, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Older versus Younger Sickle Cell Adults: The PiSCES Project

Table 3

Health care utilization (unadjusted means and standard errors).

Variables	Transition group (ages 16–25)	Younger adults (ages 26–36)	Older adults (ages 37–64)	value for overall ANOVA
% Home pain days on opioids	50.1 (5.3)	62.1 (4.5)	70.9 (3.8)	0.007
% Days with ED visits	1.1 (0.4)	2.2 (0.4)	1.1 (0.3)	0.079
% Days in hospital	1.9 (0.8)	3.0 (0.7)	1.8 (0.6)	0.365
% Days with outpatient visit	1.5 (0.6)	2.7 (0.6)	3.6 (0.5)	0.029
% Days with any utilization	3.7 (1.2)	6.9 (1.1)	5.9 (0.9)	0.148
ED reliance-health care	36.7 (4.8)	39.6 (4.2)	19.3 (3.4)	<0.001
ED reliance-crisis	19.8 (4.0)	14.2 (3.3)	10.6 (2.8)	0.171

Multiple comparisons (Tukey): significant differences in unadjusted analyses, transition versus younger adults ; transition versus older adults ; younger versus older adults .
6 pts in the Transition Group, 1 in the younger adults, and 6 in the older adult groups did not have any home pain days, so are missing home days on opioids
14 pts in the Transition Group, 18 in the younger adult, and 23 in the older adult group did not have either outpatient or ED visits reported on their diary, so ED reliance could not be computed.
represents percentage of ambulatory visits cared for in ED rather than outpatient or percentage of crises cared for at the hospital rather than at home. Higher values imply more reliance on the ED/hospital.