Therapeutic Approaches and Role of ncRNAs in Cardiovascular Disorders and Insulin Resistance

Table 1

ncRNAs causing insulin resistance related disorders.

ncRNA	Disease condition	Effect	Description
miRNAs
miR-15a	Chronic glucotoxicity	Negative, prognostic/diagnostic	Overexpression increases the biosynthesis of insulin. Upregulated in short term high glucose levels and downregulated in the long term [11].
miR-34a; miR-146; miR-21; miR-29; miR-200	β-cell apoptosis	Negative, prognostic	Critical factor leading to diseases related to insulin resistance [11].
miR-375; miR-124a	Hyperglycemia	Negative, prognostic/diagnostic	Suppresses target genes for insulin secretion. Affects the β-cell mass. Elevated amounts found in patients with type 2 diabetes. Targets the myotrophin mRNA [20].
miR-200a; miR-200b; miR-200c; miR-141; miR-429; miR-34a	Diabetes	Negative, diagnostic	Highly expressed in the pancreatic islets of diabetic mice [20].
miR-150; miR-192; miR-27a; miR-320a; miR-375	Type 2 diabetes	Negative, diagnostic	Upregulation is seen [20].
lncRNAs
Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1)	Found to be a candidate for gene regulation in islets	—	Highly conserved and abundantly expressed in pancreas and other cell types, altered regulation is seen with disease conditions [14].