|
| ncRNA | Disease condition | Effect | Description |
|
| miRNAs |
|
miR-378
miR-122
miR-29
miR-26 | Cardiac fibrosis | Negative, prognostic/diagnostic | Abnormal expression could induce cardiac fibrosis targeting TFG-β including miRNA [15] |
|
miR-126
miR-17-92 cluster | Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation | Negative, prognostic | Negative regulation of angiogenesis in epithelial cells [9] |
|
miR-221
miR-222
miR-155 | Initial stages of atherosclerosis | Positive, therapeutic | Inflammatory response of endothelial cells and showing antiangiogenic effects [9, 22] |
|
miR-143
miR-145 | Injured or atherosclerosis | Negative, prognostic | Regulation of phenotype of VSMCs in response to injury [9] |
|
miR-21
miR-146a | Vascular injury | Positive, therapeutic | Phenotypic modulation of VSMCs [9] |
|
| miR-208a | Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) | Negative, prognostic/diagnostic | Causes hypertrophic cardiac growth and fibrosis [13] |
|
| miR-23a | Pathological hypertrophy | Negative, prognostic/therapeutic | Upregulated as a result of hypertrophic stimuli in cardiomyocytes, downregulation can be done by ASO [13] |
|
miR-29
miR-24
miR-320 | Fibrosis and scar formation | Negative, prognostic | Expression levels drop after a myocardial infarction [13] |
|
miR-19
miR-21
miR-146
miR-155
miR-133 | Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) | Negative, prognostic/diagnostic | Microparticles from plasma shows elevated amounts in ACS patients when compared to CAD patients [10, 23] |
|
miR-1
miR-133
miR-208a | Arrhythmias | Diagnostic | The presence of these miRNAs can be used as diagnostic features for arrhythmia, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders [24] |
miR-21
miR-29 | Fibrosis | Diagnostic |
| miR-33 | Metabolic disorders | Diagnostic |
|
| circRNAs |
|
| Heart Related Circular RNA (HRCR) | Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure | Positive, prognostic/therapeutic | Protects the heart from pathological conditions caused by miR-223 by acting as its miRNA sponge resulting in increased amounts of ARC expressions. HRCR is therefore a target for drug development [15] |
|
| Cdr1as | Myocardial infarction injuries | Negative, prognostic | miR-7 sponge, the target genes of miR-7 are SP1 and PARP (poly-ADP-ribose polymerase) and they cause cell apoptosis; therefore the reduction in miR-7 increases the cell apoptosis causing SP1 and PARP [15] |
|
| Circ-Foxo3 | Cardiac senescence | Negative, diagnostic | Highly expressed in patients and causes cells to be held up at G1 phase unable to transit to S phase. Represses cell cycle progression and proliferation [15]. |
|
| Circular Antisense non coding RNA in INK4 locus (cANRIL) | Atherosclerosis risk | Negative, diagnostic | Regulate atherosclerosis [15] |
|
