Clinicopathological Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Rarely Primary Epididymal Adenocarcinoma: A Review and Update

Table 3

Markers of immunohistochemical analysis were used for the diagnosis and differentiation of primary epididymal adenocarcinoma in different cases.

Ref.	Type	Immunohistochemical markers
Graham et al.; 2017 [6]	Adenocarcinoma	CK7(+), CD10(+), Mesothelin(+), CAIX(+), PSA(−), PROSAP(−), CK20(−), CDX2(−), WT1(−), SALL4(−), Glypican3(−), CK5(−), Calretinin(−), and S100(−)
Urabe et al.; 2016 [13]	Adenocarcinoma	EMA(+), CAM5.2(+), C-KIT(−), PLAP(−), AFP(−), CD30(−), HCG(−), Inhibin(−), Calretinin(−), WT1(−), HBME1(−) and PSA(−)
Gupta et al.; 2015 [8]	Mucinous adenocarcinoma	CK7(−), TTF-1(−), CK20(+), Villin(+), CDX2(−), P53(+) and PAS(+)
Nozawa et al.; 2014 [5]	Clear cell papillary cystadenocarcinoma	CK7(+), CD10(+), PAX2(+), Vimentin(+), CAIX(+), Vinculin(+), AMACR(−), RCC marker(−), GST-α(−) and C-KIT(−)
Staník et al.; 2012 [9]	Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma	CK7(−), TTF-1(−), CD10(+), CK AE1/AE3(+), EMA(+), CA19-9(+), HBME1(+), Inhibin(−), Calretinin(−), PLAP(−), CD30(−), Melan-A(−), CA125(−) and CEA(−)
Arisan et al.; 2004 [14]	Small differentiated adenocarcinoma	PSA(−), CEA(+) and EMA(+)
Hayashi et al.; 2003 [16]	Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma	AFP(−), CEA(−) and CA19-9(−)
Chauhan et al.; 2001 [11]	Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma	CK(+), PAS(+), PAP(−), LCA(−), PSA(−), Vimentin(−) and S100(−)
Ganem et al.; 1998 [3]	Well differentiated adenocarcinoma	PSA(−), PAP(−), CEA(+), Vimentin(−) and Leu-M1(−)
Jones et al.; 1997 [4]	Adenocarcinoma	CK(+), EMA(+), CEA(−), AFP(−), Leu-M1(−), B72.3(−) and Ber-EP4(−)