Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Description of the five studies included in this systematic review of studies evaluating the relationship of calcium channel blockers with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Author [ref] year	Country	Study design	Study population	Number of participants, age, gender	Study objective	Research instrument
Hughes et al. [15] 2011	Australia	Retrospective cohort study	Participants from community pharmacies and a medical practice in the southwest suburbs of Perth, Western Australia	= 38, age ≥ 45 yrs (mean age: 66.9), 100% males	To determine the effect of calcium channel blockers on lower urinary tract symptoms	International Prostate Symptom score, American Urological Association Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index, Symptom diary
Elhebir [16] 2011	Australia	Cross-sectional study	Participants admitted to Royal Perth Hospital general medicine wards	= 278, age ≥ 40 yrs (mean age: 72.1), 54.3% males	To evaluate the relationship between calcium channel blockers use and lower urinary tract symptoms in general medical inpatients	International Prostate Symptom score
Hall et al. [17] 2012	USA	Cross-sectional study	Participants from The Boston Area Community Health Survey	= 1865, age 30–79 yrs (mean age: 55.2), 54% males	To examine differences in the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptom among users of five common antihypertensive medication classes compared with nonusers	American Urological Association—Symptom Index
Ito et al. [18] 2013	Japan	NR	Participants from a multicenter Japanese study on silodosin	= 3790, NR (mean age: 71.1), 100% males	The associations between male lower urinary tract symptoms and hypertension, and to examine whether antihypertensive medications, particularly Angiotensin-II receptor blockers, influence LUTS	International Prostate Symptom score
Kok et al. [19] 2009	Netherlands	Longitudinal population-based study	Participants from longitudinal, community based Krimpen Study of male urogenital tract problems and general health status	= 1668, age 50–78 years old (mean age: 60.6), 100% males	To explore the risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community based population of healthy aging male	International Prostate Symptom score

NR: not reported.