The Reliability of the Tracheoesophageal Groove and the Ligament of Berry as Landmarks for Identifying the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Cadaveric Study and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

Table of studies included in the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve-Tracheoesophageal Groove meta-analysis.

Study	Country	Type of study	= (nerves)	Tracheoesophageal groove
				Inside (%)	Outside (%)
Present study	Poland	C	72	68.1	31.9
Al-Salihi and Dabbagh 1989 [32]	Iraq	C	212	83.0	17.0
Altorjay et al. 2009 [33]	Hungary	I	1023	39.4	60.6
Ardito et al. 2004 [6]	England	I	1856	64.4	35.6
Armstrong and Hinton 1951 [34]	USA	C	40	60.0	40.0
Asgharpour et al. 2012 [3]	England	C	197	33.0	67.0
Berlin 1935 [27]	USA	I	140	65.0	35.0
Bowden 1955 [35]	England	C	55	89.1	10.9
Chen et al. 2002 [15]	China	C	90	100	0
Freschi et al. 1994 [9]	Italy	I	84	67.9	32.1
Hisham and Lukman 2002 [36]	Malaysia	I	491	47.0	53.0
Hunt et al. 1968 [10]	Australia	C	151	70.2	29.8
Iqbal and Zubair 1998 [37]	Pakistan	I	93	77.4	22.6
Jiang et al. 2008 [38]	China	I	292	45.9	54.1
Jing et al. 2007 [39]	China	C	100	85	15
Lang et al. 1986 [40]	Germany	C	43	37.2	62.8
Lang et al. 1986 [41]	Germany	C	146	34.2	65.8
Lu et al. 2012 [42]	China	I	79	76.0	24.0
Menck et al. 1990 [14]	Germany	C	202	24.3	25.7
She et al. 1984 [43]	China	C	200	37.0	63.0
Skandalakis et al. 1976 [13]	USA	C	204	48.5	51.5
Uen et al. 2006 [20]	Taiwan	C	120	85.0	15.0
Zhang and Cheng 2011 [44]	China	C	80	90.0	10.0