New Roles of the Primary Cilium in Autophagy

Table 1

Mice models of ciliary dysfunction and their phenotype.

	Phenotype	Reference
Mediobasal hypothalamus; KIF3A and IFT 88 knockdown	↑ food intake
	↓ energy expenditure	[32]
	↓ anorexigenic effect of ICV injections of leptin/insulin/glucose
Systemic deletion; KIF3A; TG737 (IFT88)	↑ body weight
	↑ food intake
	Hyperleptinemia	[2]
	Hyperinsulinemia
	Fasting hyperglycemia
BBS knockout models; Bbs2 −/−; Bbs4 −/−; Bbs6 −/−	↑ body weight
	↑ food intake	[33]
	↓ locomotor activity
	Hyperleptinemia
IFT88 Δ/Δ mice	↑ body weight	[34]
	Hyperleptinemia
CEP19 knockout	↑ body weight
	Hyperphagia	[35]
	↓ glucose tolerance
	Insulin resistance
ANK RD26 knockout	↑ Body weight
	Hyperphagia	[36]
	MCHR1 and SST3R; mislocalization in the hypothalamus
TTC21B knockout	↑ body weight (fat mass)
	Hyperleptinemia	[37]
	Hyperinsulinemia
	↓ glucose tolerance
Rpgrip 1L +/−	↑ body weight; (fat mass, lean mass)
	Leptin resistance	[38]
	Altered production of hypothalamic neuropeptides
POMC-specific; KIF3A KO	↑ body weight
	↑ food intake	[2]
	Hyperleptinemia
	Hyperinsulinemia