Could the Topping-Off Technique Be the Preventive Strategy against Adjacent Segment Disease after Pedicle Screw-Based Fusion in Lumbar Degenerative Diseases? A Systematic Review

Table 2

Reported radiographic parameters in the hybrid stabilization device and interspinous process device groups.

Authors,; years

Pre-op DD grading

X-ray DH; at dynamic level

MRI grading; at dynamic level

X-ray disc height at; one level above

Global; lumbar lordosis

Instrumented; lumbar lordosis

Segmental motion; at index level

Segmental motion; at supra-adjacent level

X-ray

MRI

Pre-op

Post-op

Final

Pre-op

Final

Pre-op

Post-op

Final

Pre-op

Post-op

Final

Pre-op

Post-op

Final

Pre-op

Post-op

Final

Pre-op

Post-op

Final

Formica et al. [13], 2015

DH/VBH

Pfirrmann

I to III

0.278; (0.032)

0.282; (0.027)

0.269; (0.041)

49.56; (7.38)

56.57; (7.34)

56.9; (7.21)

Putzier et al. [14], 2010

Modic

I

Imagama et al. [15], 2009

Middle third

Pfirrmann

10; (2.1)

9.8; (2.3)

III to V

Progressed one; grade in 4 pts

9.9; (1.6)

9.4; (2.2)

42; (15)

45; (14)

7.9; (4.3)

4.6; (3.8)

6.7; (2.7)

7.2; (3.1)

Lu et al. [16], 2015

Pfirrmann

Mean Gr. 2.9; I: 6, II: 16; III: 16, IV: 14

40. 6

36.2

35/49 (71%); maintained pre-op; F/E motion

Lee et al. [17], 2013

Foraminal

Foraminal height

5.9

6.5

4.9

height

21.3

24.4

21.6

(1 yr)

Korovessis et al. [18], 2009

DH (ant.); DH (post.); UCLA^+

11.9; (ant. DH)

13.8; (1 yr)

12

7.7; (post. DH)

8.2; (post-op)

7.9

39.7

40.9; (1 yr)

42.8

5

4.8; (1 yr)

4.5

(Estimated from figures)

(Estimated from figures)

(Estimated from figures)

Blank in the each column meant not mentioned by the authors. UCLA⁺: University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) grading scale. The values in the parentheses were standard deviation, deg.: degenerative, pre-op: preoperative, post-op: postoperative, and F/E: flexion/extension.
DD: disc degeneration, ant.: anterior, post.: posterior, DH: disc height, VBH: vertebral body height, and pt: patients.