Santamarine Inhibits NF-κB Activation and Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Oxidative Stress

Figure 4

Effect of STM on apoptosis regulators. (a) A549 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of STM for 24 h. Total cell lysates were extracted and subjected to western blots for the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (b) A549 cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of STM in the presence or absence of NAC and MMP was measured using JC-1 kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Columns not sharing the same superscript letters differ significantly (). (c) A549 cells were treated with STM in the presence or absence of NAC and cell lysates were extracted and subjected to western blots for the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Pretreatment of cells with NAC reversed the STM-mediated proteins expression. (d, e, f) Cells were treated with STM in the presence or absence of NAC and TNF-α for 24 h. The expression of NF-κBp65 was measured in nuclear extracts. Lamin B1 was used as a loading control. NAC abolished the inhibitory effect of STM on NF-κBp65. (g) Cells were treated with IKK-16 either alone or in combination with STM for 24 h and cell death was determined by live/dead assay. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three different experiments. Columns not sharing the same superscript letters differ significantly ().

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