Santamarine Inhibits NF-κB Activation and Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Oxidative Stress

Figure 6

A schematic model of STM-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. STM induces oxidative stress by increasing ROS generation and GSH depletion and decreasing TrxR activity. STM-induced oxidative stress mediates apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activation and inducing mitochondrial apoptotic pathways through Bax/Bcl-2 proteins modulation.