Comparison of Activator-Headgear and Twin Block Treatment Approaches in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion
Table 5
Comparison of the treatment changes () in the Twin Block (TB) and activator-headgear (AH) group and untreated controls (CTRL).
TB
AH
CTRL
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
Mean ± SD
NSBa
−0.1 ± 2.1
−0.9 ± 1.6
−0.2 ± 2.1
0.313
0.024
SNA
−0.4 ± 1.2
−0.2 ± 1.2
0.3 ± 1.5
0.087
0.049
SNB
1.1 ± 1.0
1.2 ± 0.8
0.6 ± 1.3
0.036
0.066
ANB
−1.5 ± 1.3
−1.4 ± 0.7
−0.3 ± 1.5
<0.001
0.179
A-NPg
−1.2 ± 1.3
−1.3 ± 0.9
−0.1 ± 1.4
<0.001
0.161
NL/NSL
−0.4 ± 1.9
−0.3 ± 1.6
0.1 ± 2.1
0.588
0.011
MP/NSL
−0.0 ± 1.7
−0.9 ± 1.7
−0.1 ± 2.1
0.138
0.040
MP/NL
0.4 ± 2.4
−0.7 ± 1.9
−0.2 ± 2.6
0.283
0.026
FA/NBa
0.2 ± 2.0
0.3 ± 1.5
0.3 ± 2.0
0.976
0.001
UFH
1.6 ± 2.2
0.5 ± 4.0
1.3 ± 1.9
0.295
0.025
LFH
3.0 ± 2.4
1.5 ± 5.1
1.4 ± 2.6
0.119
0.043
UFH/LFH
−1.7 ± 3.2
−1.1 ± 3.8
0.5 ± 5.8
0.134
0.041
Co-A
2.0 ± 3.9
−0.3 ± 6.7
1.4 ± 2.4
0.114
0.044
Co-Gn
5.1 ± 4.4
2.5 ± 8.6
2.6 ± 2.2
0.086
0.049
Max Mand diff
3.1 ± 2.9
2.8 ± 2.3
1.1 ± 2.2
0.001
0.126
−1/MP
3.0 ± 4.4
0.5 ± 3.6
−0.9 ± 3.8
<0.001
0.145
+1/NSL
−7.0 ± 5.3
−7.3 ± 6.2
0.4 ± 4.0
<0.001
0.378
−1/A-Pg angle
5.5 ± 4.8
2.7 ± 3.8
−0.2 ± 3.3
<0.001
0.283
+1/A-Pg angle
−9.6 ± 4.9
−10.4 ± 6.1
−0.5 ± 3.4
<0.001
0.528
−1/A-Pg distance
2.3 ± 1.3
1.3 ± 1.1
−0.1 ± 1.2
<0.001
0.416
+1/A-Pg distance
−2.9 ± 1.3
−3.6 ± 2.2
0.2 ± 1.1
<0.001
0.592
Gl′-Sn-Pg′
−2.1 ± 3.0
−2.0 ± 2.9
0.4 ± 2.3
<0.001
0.182
Cm-Sn-Ls
1.2 ± 11.0
6.1 ± 10.0
2.9 ± 9.5
0.207
0.032
Li-E
−0.6 ± 1.8
−0.9 ± 1.9
−0.3 ± 1.6
0.290
0.025
Ls-E
−1.8 ± 1.8
−1.8 ± 1.3
−0.4 ± 1.2
<0.001
0.205
Li-S
−0.4 ± 1.8
−0.8 ± 2.0
−0.1 ± 1.6
0.212
0.032
Ls-S
−1.5 ± 1.7
−1.9 ± 1.1
−0.0 ± 1.4
<0.001
0.261
OJ
−5.2 ± 1.6
−4.9 ± 2.6
0.3 ± 1.2
<0.001
0.712
ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests. Groups in the same row that share the same superscript letter do not differ significantly. Effect size calculated according to formula: = between groups sum of squares/total sum of squares. Cohen criteria for interpretation of effect size were used: = 0.02–0.13 = small effect size, 0.13–0.26 = medium, and >0.26 = large.
