Research Article
Surveillance Program for Diagnosis of HCC in Liver Cirrhosis: Role of Ultrasound Echo Patterns
Table 4
Risk factors for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma according to Cox’s model at univariate and multivariate analysis.
| | | HR univariate | 95% CI | | HR multivariate | 95% CI | |
| | Age | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | 0.02 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.1 | 0.03 | | Sex | 1.14 | 0.6–1.9 | ns | — | — | | | HCV | 2.06 | 0.9–4.5 | ns | — | — | | | HBV | 1.36 | 0.5–3.8 | ns | — | — | | | Alcohol | 0.43 | 0.1–3.1 | ns | — | — | | | Cryptogenetic | 0.4 | 0.1–2.7 | ns | — | — | | | Autoimmune liver diseases | 0.047 | 0.02–37.1 | ns | — | — | | | Metabolic | 0.8 | 0.22–111.7 | ns | — | — | | | H | — | — | — | — | — | | | BL | — | — | — | — | — | | | C | 1.02 | 0.55–1.90 | ns | — | — | | | CSNP | 1.02 | 0.36–2.84 | ns | — | — | | | CLNP | 3.84 | 1.9–7.51 | 0.02 | 3.4 | 1.6–6.6 | 0.01 | | AFP ng/ml | 1.1 | 1.06–1.2 | 0.0001 | 1.1 | 1.05–1.2 | 0.02 | | AST IU/L | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 0.03 | — | — | — | | ALT IU/L | 1.1 | 1.03–1.2 | 0.0001 | — | — | — | | ALB g/dl | 0.51 | 0.31–0.81 | 0.005 | — | — | — | | Antiviral treatment | 0.9 | 0.7–2 | ns | — | — | — | | Child-Pugh score (A5-B8) | 0.9 | 0.65–1.21 | ns | — | — | — | | Diabetes Mellitus | 1.12 | 0.8–2.15 | ns | — | — | | | Endoscopic portal hypertension | 1.78 | 0.75–4.25 | ns | — | — | — | | Portal hypertension | 2.3 | 1.18–4.5 | 0.02 | 2.1 | 1.1–4.1 | 0.03 |
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HR, Hazard Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; H, homogeneous; BL, bright liver; C, coarse pattern; CSNP, coarse small nodular pattern; CLNP, coarse large nodular pattern; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALB, albumin; portal hypertension (endoscopic + noninvasive).
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