Modulating Neuroinflammation to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Table 1

Circulating cytokines and acute phase proteins that are found elevated in different psychiatric disorders.

Psychiatric disorder	Cytokines/acute phase proteins elevated
Schizophrenia	IL-1β, IL-6, IL12-p70, sIL-2R, TNF-α, IFN-γ [8, 9]
Depression	IL-1, IL-6, sIL-1R, sIL-2R, sIL-6, TNF-α, CRP [10, 11]
Bipolar disorder	IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, sIL-2R, sIL-6R, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IL-1 receptor antagonist, INF-γ, hs-CRP [13–15]
Anxiety disorder	IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, MCP-1, MMP2, TNF-β [12]
OCD	IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, sTNFR1, sTNFR2 [16, 17]
PTSD	IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL7, IL-8, IL-10 and, IL12p40, IL12p70, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α, MIP-1α, GM-CSF, IP-10, eotaxin [18, 19]
Autism	IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-5, IL-8, IL12p40, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17, GRO-α [20, 21]

After stimulation with LPS; in PTSD and panic disorder patients.