Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview

Table 1

An overview of circular RNAs in various cardiovascular diseases.

	Diseases type	CircRNA	Targets	Effect on diseases	References
a	Heart failure and pathological hypertrophy	HRCR	miR-223 ARC	Suppress	[40]
b	Myocardial Infarction	Cdr1as(ciRS-7)	miR-7 SP1, PARP	Induce	[41]
c	Cardiac senescence	circ-Foxo3	ID1, E2F1, FAK, HIF1a	Induce	[42]
d	Atherosclerosis	cANRIL	The INK4/ARF locus	Regulate	[43]

a: HRCR can act as miRNA sponges and bind to miR-223. ARC, a kind of protein, is the downstream target of miR-223, so that HRCR can enhance ARC’s protective role as blocking the progression of cardiac pathological hypertrophy and heart failure through inhibiting miR-223 activity. b: Cdr1as can function as miR-7 sponges. SP1 and PARP are miR-7 target genes and can inhibit miR-7-induced protective role during MI development. c: Circ-Foxo3 can hinder transcription factors’ (ID1, E2F1, FAK, and HIF1a) transfer into nucleus so as to repress their antiageing effect. d: CANRIL is an antisense transcript from the INK4/ARF locus resulting from alternative ANRIL transcription and splicing, while cANRIL can also influence the PcG-mediated INK4/ARF silencing. As SNPs on chromosome 9p21 near the INK4/ARF locus can control INK4/ARF expression, which is correlated to atherosclerosis susceptibility, cANRIL can have a regulatory role here.