|
| Year | Emerging disease | Pathogenic agent | Main probable factor |
|
| 1958 | Argentine haemorrhagic fever | ArenavirusJunin virus | Changes in agricultural practices of corn harvest (maize mechanization) |
|
| 1981 | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | Human immunodeficiency virus | Sexual contact/exposure to blood or tissues of an infected person |
|
| 1959 | Bolivian haemorrhagic fever (BHF) | ArenavirusMachupo virus | Population increase of rats gathering food |
|
| 1983 | Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever | CCHF virus | Ecological changes favouring increased human exposure to ticks of sheep and small wild animals |
|
| 1996 | Haemorrhagic colitis | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | Ingestion of contaminated food, undercooked beef, and raw milk |
|
| 1976 | Malaria | Plasmodium falciparum | Human behaviour/rainfall and drainage problems/mosquito breeding/neglect of eradication policy, economics, and growing interchange of populations |
|
| 1993 | Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) | HantavirusSin Nombre virus | Human invasion of virus ecological niche; close contact with infected rodent natural reservoir; inhalation of infectious aerosolized rodent faces and urine |
|
| 1997 | Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) | H5N1 virus | Animal-animal influenza virus gene reassortment; emergence of H5N1 avian influenza, extensive chicken farming |
|
| 1889, 1890, 1918, 1957 | Pandemic Influenza | Paramyxovirus influenza A | Animal-human virus reassortment and antigenic shift |
|
| 1969 | Lassa fever | Arenavirus Lassa virus | Hospital exposure to index case—rodent exposure |
|
| 1956 | Marburg disease | Filovirus Marburg virus | Trade (and use of wild imported monkeys); use of animal organs for specific purpose |
|
| 2003 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | SARS Coronavirus | Hunting and feeding on infected wild animals (viverrids) |
|
| 1987 | Rift Valley fever (RVF) | Bunyavirus RVF virus | Dramatic increase in mosquito vector breeding sites (by dam filling); weather (rainfall) and cattle migration (guided by artificial water holes) |
|
| 1976 | Ebola haemorrhagic fever | Filovirus Ebola virus | Rainforest penetration by humans/close contact with infected game (hunting) or with host reservoirs (bats)/infected biological products/nosocomial/needle spread |
|
| 1953 | Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) | Dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Increasing human population density in cities in a way that favours vector breeding sites (water storage), for example, Aedes aegypti |
|
