High Prevalence of Leptotrichia amnionii, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia sanguinegens, and Factor 1 Microbes and Association of Spontaneous Abortion among Korean Women
Table 1
General characteristics of study subjects by abortion status: nonabortion, spontaneous abortion, and induced abortion.
Total
Nonabortion
Spontaneous abortion
Induced abortion
()
()
()
()
Age (years), mean ± SD
44.1 ± 11.3
39.1 ± 11.6
48.7 ± 8.3
44.8 ± 11.3
0.0011
0.0035
<35
31 (21.1)
14 (38.9)
1 (4.3)
16 (18.2)
0.0118
0.0332
3544
45 (30.6)
10 (27.8)
6 (26.1)
29 (32.9)
4554
45 (30.6)
9 (25.0)
10 (43.5)
26 (29.6)
≥55
26 (17.7)
3 (8.3)
6 (26.1)
17 (19.3)
Body-mass index (kg/m2), Mean ± SD
22.4 ± 2.78
22.6 ± 2.6
22.9 ± 3.1
22.2 ± 2.8
0.7113
0.4724
<18.5
9 (6.1)
2 (5.6)
2 (8.7)
5 (5.7)
0.1709
0.1041
18.522.9
80 (54.4)
17 (47.2)
9 (39.1)
54 (61.3)
23.024.9
27 (18.4)
11 (30.6)
3 (13.1)
13 (14.8)
≥25.0
31 (21.1)
6 (16.7)
9 (39.1)
16 (18.2)
Marital status
Single
17 (11.6)
8 (22.2)
2 (9.1)
7 (8.0)
0.1989
0.0736
Married
129 (88.4)
28 (77.8)
20 (90.9)
81 (92.0)
Menopausal status
Premenopausal
96 (65.3)
26 (72.2)
15 (65.2)
55 (62.5)
0.5687
0.5869
Postmenopausal
51 (34.7)
10 (27.8)
8 (34.8)
33 (37.5)
Number of children
1 or less
32 (24.1)
9 (32.1)
4 (17.4)
19 (23.2)
0.3688
0.6982
2
73 (54.9)
13 (46.4)
15 (65.2)
45 (54.9)
3 or more
28 (21.1)
6 (21.5)
4 (17.4)
18 (21.9)
Education level
Middle school or lower
30 (20.6)
5 (13.9)
6 (26.1)
19 (21.8)
0.0151
0.0324
High school
72 (49.3)
13 (36.1)
14 (60.9)
45 (51.7)
University or higher
44 (30.1)
18 (50.0)
3 (13.0)
23 (26.5)
Family income (10,000 won/month)
<199
39 (28.9)
7 (22.6)
7 (33.3)
25 (30.1)
0.5264
0.6247
200499
62 (45.9)
15 (48.4)
7 (33.3)
40 (48.2)
≥500
34 (25.2)
9 (29.0)
7 (33.3)
18 (21.7)
Oral contraceptive use
Never
123 (83.7)
30 (83.3)
19 (82.6)
74 (84.1)
0.9423
0.9835
Ex/current
24 (16.3)
6 (16.7)
4 (17.4)
14 (15.9)
Smoking status
Never
132 (90.4)
31 (88.6)
22 (95.6)
79 (89.8)
0.3473
0.6355
Ex/current
14 (9.6)
4 (11.4)
1 (4.4)
9 (10.2)
Alcohol-drinking status
Never
42 (28.8)
11 (31.4)
7 (30.4)
24 (27.3)
0.9362
0.8833
Ex/current
104 (71.2)
24 (95.6)
16 (69.6)
64 (72.7)
Oncogenic HPV infection
Negative
41 (27.9)
12 (33.3)
2 (8.7)
27 (30.7)
0.03
0.0787
Positive
106 (72.1)
24 (66.7)
21 (91.3)
61 (69.3)
Only available variables were used in this study, as not all 147 women completed the entire questionnaire. This table presents the number of subjects and their percentages (mean ± SD). The won-dollar exchange rate was approximately 1,280 won (per dollar) in 2002. Oncogenic HPV infection status was determined by measurement of 13 oncogenic HPV DNA types using Hybrid Capture 2. Abortion was subclassified as spontaneous abortion and induced abortion. Chi-square and -tests were used to assess the differences in the categorical and continuous variables, respectively, between nonabortion and spontaneous abortion; Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to assess the differences in the categorical and continuous variables, respectively, among nonabortion, spontaneous abortion, and induced abortion; .
