Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Antihyperuricemia Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Head Extract in Gouty and Hyperuricemia Animal Models

Table 1

The composition and content of SHE extracted by different concentration of ethanol.

	Sunflower head powder	SHEA	SHEB	SHEC	SHED	SHEE	SHEF
Protein (%)	22.16 ± 2.32	17.79 ± 2.25	16.95 ± 2.29	15.96 ± 2.51	14.70 ± 2.46	12.18 ± 1.81	10.11 ± 1.36
Polysaccharide (%)	27.54 ± 1.64	25.28 ± 1.57	21.75 ± 1.45	19.52 ± 2.20	18.25 ± 2.12	17.13 ± 1.92	13.17 ± 0.79
Reducing sugar (%)	16.39 ± 1.42	14.66 ± 2.21	14.55 ± 1.33	14.53 ± 1.45	14.51 ± 0.96	13.86 ± 0.88	9.343 ± 1.12
Flavonoid (%)	14.61 ± 0.31	6.52 ± 0.08	6.68 ± 0.15	6.72 ± 0.12	6.52 ± 0.15	6.03 ± 0.14	3.43 ± 0.08
Alkaloid (%)	11.76 ± 0.12	0.06 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.03	1.63 ± 0.05	2.26 ± 0.07
Triterpene (%)	6.08 ± 0.22	4.39 ± 0.17	4.56 ± 0.16	5.19 ± 0.23	5.75 ± 0.21	5.70 ± 0.17	5.01 ± 0.18
Mannitol (%)	10.28 ± 0.43	8.35 ± 0.35	8.30 ± 0.55	8.00 ± 0.46	7.25 ± 0.32	6.80 ± 0.44	4.85 ± 0.32

Data are expressed as mean ± SD . SH: sunflower head; SHE: sunflower head extract.