Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Antihyperuricemia Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Head Extract in Gouty and Hyperuricemia Animal Models

Table 2

The effects of COL and SHEB on the inflammation factors in MSU-induced acute gout rats.

	NC	MC	COL (0.3 mg/kg)	SHEB (1 g/kg)
IL-10 (pg/mL)	31.0 ± 4.0	22.3 ± 3.0	32.9 ± 4.6	35.5 ± 4.9
MIP-1α (pg/mL)	453.1 ± 49.4	459.1 ± 84.6	518.3 ± 64.5	623.2 ± 69.1
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	1563.0 ± 135.5	1472.7 ± 176.4	1593.8 ± 136.4	1594.5 ± 146.5
CXCL10 (pg/mL)	32.2 ± 3.8	28.7 ± 11.4	29.9 ± 11.8	35.5 ± 3.0
IL-1α (pg/mL)	91.1 ± 7.5	89.8 ± 5.2	93.6 ± 6.6	88.5 ± 7.3
IL-1β (pg/mL)	18.6 ± 2.1	19.3 ± 2.0	18.5 ± 4.7	20.4 ± 3.7
IL-2 (pg/mL)	4044.8 ± 307.8	4107.3 ± 341.7	3826.8 ± 259.6	4284.4 ± 378.3
IL-6 (pg/mL)	708.3 ± 45.7	710.2 ± 28.9	736.1 ± 59.6	696.4 ± 43.7
IL-8 (pg/mL)	461.3 ± 28.1	479.4 ± 35.2	487.4 ± 39.3	443.9 ± 40.5
IL-17A (pg/mL)	62.6 ± 6.3	63.0 ± 7.1	64.5 ± 4.3	69.3 ± 5.9
TNF-α (pg/mL)	984.4 ± 71.5	953.1 ± 77.3	960.1 ± 62.7	925.8 ± 84.1
PGE2 (pg/mL)	1509.6 ± 95.9	1562.5 ± 68.8	1640.0 ± 109.1	1553.6 ± 62.5
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	237.1 ± 36.7	231.9 ± 20.1	244.8 ± 17.1	247.7 ± 18.8

Data are expressed as mean SD and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. versus control rats, and versus model rats. NC: normal control, MC: model control, COL: colchicine, SHEB: sunflower head extract B, IL-10: interleukin 10, MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, CXCL10: C-X-C motif chemokine 10, IL-1α: interleukin 1 alpha, IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta, IL-2: interleukin 2, IL-6: interleukin 6, IL-8: interleukin 8, IL-17A: interleukin 17A, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, PGE2: prostaglandin E2, and IFN-γ: interferon gamma.