Sera from Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients Display Oxidative Activity and Affect the TNF-α Production by Macrophages In Vitro

Figure 1

Culture supernatants of PBMC-derived macrophages of healthy individuals were collected 24 hours after the addition of 10% of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) or healthy individuals’ serum to measure cytokine concentrations by ELISA. The data represent the mean of three experiments with cells from different donors. All cultures were done in the presence of 10% normal AB serum. ; unpaired Student’s t-test.