Long Noncoding RNAs Act as Novel Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

Table 1

Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HCC tissues.

Name	Dysregulation	Biological functions in HCC	Reference
HULC	Up	Promote tumor genesis, metastasis and angiogenesis; support abnormal lipid metabolism	[10–15, 45]
MALAT1	Up	Regulate arsenite-induced malignant transformation and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, promote liver fibrosis and tumor recurrence	[17–19, 46]
HOTAIR	Up	Associated with poor tumor differentiation, metastasis and early recurrence, promote migration and invasion, activate autophagy	[22, 23, 25–28]
HOTTIP	Up	Associated with metastasis formation and poor survival	[47–49]
MVIH	Up	Active angiogenesis, promote tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis, inhibit cell apoptosis	[29, 30]
HEIH	Up	Regulate the cell cycle, promote tumor progression	[50]
PVT1	Up	Promote cell proliferation, cell cycle, and stem cell-like properties; associated with tumor suppression	[31, 32]
CCAT1	Up	Promote proliferation and migration, function as a molecular sponge	[51]
URHC	Up	Promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis	[52]
GIHCG	Up	Promote xenografts growth and metastasis	[53]
Linc00974	Up	Promote cell proliferation and invasion	[54]
H19	Up	Induce drug resistance, promote tumor progression and invasion	[55–57]
	Down	Suppress intrahepatic metastasis, suppress migration and invasion of HCC cells	[58, 59]
MEG3	Down	Inhibit tumor cell proliferation	[60–66]
hDreh	Down	Inhibit tumor growth and metastasis	[67]
LET	Down	Inhibit tumor metastasis under hypoxic conditions	[68]