Sterilization of Biofilm on a Titanium Surface Using a Combination of Nonthermal Plasma and Chlorhexidine Digluconate

Figure 5

Metabolically active bacterial cells of control and treated (C + P and P + C) biofilms. Titanium coupons containing biofilms were treated for different time intervals at 1 kHz frequencies using He jet plasma and CHX. After treatment, the coupon was subjected to the XTT assay (as described in Materials and Methods) and the absorbance reading was measured using a spectrophotometer. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of absorbance reading (). Asterisks () denote statistical significant differences between NaCl and other treatment groups (C + P, P + C, CHX only, plasma only, and blank control), respectively ().