Comparison of Different Contrast Agents in Detecting Cardiac Right-to-Left Shunt in Patients with a Patent Foramen Ovale during Contrast-Transthoracic Echocardiography

Table 3

Results of the semiquantitative shunt grading using ASB and VSBS during the Valsalva maneuver.

	ASB ()	VSBS ()
Negative	39	30
Positive	45	54
Mild	17	11
Moderate	18	27
Extensive	10	16

ASB = agitated saline plus blood; VSBS = vitamin B₆ and 6 ml sodium bicarbonate solution.