Removal of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr from Yangtze Estuary Using the Phragmites australis Artificial Floating Wetlands

Table 1

Waters characteristics around the AFW in different seasons (mean ± SD).

Characteristics	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
(°C)	12.49 ± 1.92	26.82 ± 1.11	23.69 ± 0.26	15.16 ± 0.44
DO (mg/L)	10.36 ± 1.39	6.59 ± 0.49	6.36 ± 0.49	9.69 ± 0.31
Salinity ()	1.18 ± 0.01	2.15 ± 0.06	3.53 ± 0.12	1.24 ± 0.01
TDS (mg/L)	248.95 ± 14.21	217.89 ± 45.73	717.42 ± 184.1	321.26 ± 18.39
SPC (us/cm)	382.9 ± 21.64	332.34 ± 70.31	917.44 ± 101.63	489.66 ± 27.52
ORP (mv)	115.78 ± 13.62	92.99 ± 75.18	128.06 ± 23.11	85.17 ± 48.59
pH	7.62 ± 1.19	6.67 ± 0.92	8.71 ± 0.47	7.84 ± 0.03
Total nitrogen	2.41 ± 0.85	2.57 ± 0.43	2.76 ± 0.75	2.63 ± 0.48
Total phosphorus	0.12 ± 0.07	0.11 ± 0.04	0.09 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.02
Metals (mg/Kg)
Cu	0.003 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.002	0.002 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.001
Zn	0.014 ± 0.008	0.017 ± 0.008	0.02 ± 0.008	0.014 ± 0.003
Pb	0.001 ± 0.001	0.002 ± 0.001	0.002 ± 0.001	0.002 ± 0.001
Cr	0.005 ± 0.001	0.008 ± 0.002	0.004 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.001