Effects of Diode Laser, Gaseous Ozone, and Medical Dressings on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Ex Vivo

Figure 3

Logarithmic bacterial reduction of planktonic bacteria with respect to main groups 1–3 and the respective disinfection methods. In the control group without irrigation and instrumentation, intramedical dressing with Ca(OH)₂ or CHX-Gel revealed significantly higher bacterial reduction compared to both ozone and laser treatment indicated by (; Tukey’s HSD). After irrigation using 0.9% NaCl, laser application resulted in a significant lower bacterial reduction compared to all other treatments indicated by (; Tukey’s HSD). No significant differences between groups could be observed when irrigation was performed with 1% NaOCl.