The Effect of Sodium Valproate on the Glioblastoma U87 Cell Line Tumor Development on the Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane and on EZH2 and p53 Expression

Figure 2

The CAM with U87 cell tumor at day 12 of embryo development. CE: chorionic epithelium, AE: allantoic epithelium, BV: blood vessels, and T: tumor. (a) Control membrane without tumor. (b) Membrane with tumor of U87 cells without treatment. Arrowheads show the growth of chicken blood vessels into the tumor, and a dotted arrow shows the chorionic epithelium destroyed by tumor cells. (c) Membrane with tumor developed from U87 cells treated with 4 mM NaVP. The dotted arrow shows the destroyed chorionic epithelium and partial tumor invasion into the mesenchyme. (d) Membrane with a tumor developed from U87 cells without treatment. The tumor is completely encapsulated into the CAM mesenchyme. (e) Membrane with tumor developed from cells treated with 4 mM of NaVP, with the intact chorionic epithelium; the tumor is not vascularized and located on the surface of the CAM. (f) Tumor developed from cells treated with 8 mM of NaVP, located on the surface of the membrane, not vascularized. Scale bar: 200 μm.

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