Research Article

Myocardial Perfusion in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Associations with Traditional Risk Factors and Novel Biomarkers

Table 1

Clinical and laboratory variables of the rheumatoid arthritis sample enrolled in the study.

CharacteristicValue

Patient related
Female, (%)153 (81.0)
Postmenopausal, (%)59 (31.2)
Time since menopause, mean (SD), years7.330 (8.275)
Age, mean (SD), years53.340 (11.502)
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m227.150 (4.768)
Ever smokers, (%)24 (12.7)
Hypertension, (%)39 (20.6)
Diabetes mellitus, (%)14 (7.4)
Dyslipidemia, (%)23 (12.2)
Disease related
Disease duration, mean (SD), years13.72 (9.955)
RF positivity, (%)115 (60.847)
Anti-CCP antibodies positivity, (%)152 (80.423)
DAS28 (4V), mean (SD)4.266 (1.324)
Remission (DAS28 (4v) < 2.6)18 (9.5)
Low (2.6 < DAS28 (4v) ≤ 3.2)27 (14.3)
Moderate (3.2 < DAS28 (4V) ≤ 5.1)95 (50.3)
High (DAS28 (4v) > 5.1)49 (25.9)
ESR, mean (SD), mm (first hour)27.100 (20.603)
CRP, mean (SD), mg/L11.573 (20.045)
Global health on VAS, mean (SD)44.190 (17.794)
HAQ score, mean (SD)1.275 (0.708)
RA related treatment
Corticosteroids, (%)155 (82.0)
Daily dose in prednisolone equivalents, mean (SD), mg5.139 (3.977)
Time under corticosteroids, mean (SD), years11.429 (8.981)
NSAIDs, (%)142 (75.1)
DMARDS, (%)160 (84.7)
Cumulative, mean (SD)2.534 (1.416)
Time under DMARDs, mean (SD), months104.037 (87.714)
Methotrexate, (%)130 (68.8)
Leflunomide, (%)40 (21.1)
Biologic DMARDs, (%)97 (51.3)
Time under biologics, mean (SD), months60.258 (30.080)
Anti-TNFα blockers, (%)83 (43.9)
Non-anti-TNFα blockers, (%)14 (7.4)
Bisphosphonates, (%)69 (36.5)
Cardiovascular related treatment
Antiaggregants, (%)22 (11.6)
ACEIs, (%)24 (12.7)
ARAs, (%)24 (12.7)
CCAs, (%)18 (9.5)
BBs, (%)15 (7.9)
Diuretics, (%)37 (19.6)
Warfarin, (%)5 (2.6)
Statins, (%)45 (23.8)
Oral antidiabetic agents, (%)17 (9.0)
Insulin, (%)5 (2.6)

ACEIs, angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitors; ARAs, angiotensin receptor antagonists; BBs, beta-blockers; BMI, body mass index; CCAs, calcium channel antagonists; CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptides; CRP, c-reactive protein; DAS, disease activity score; DMARDS, disease-modifying antirheumatic dugs; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RF, rheumatoid factor; SD, standard deviation; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; VAS, visual analogic scale.