Myocardial Perfusion in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Associations with Traditional Risk Factors and Novel Biomarkers

Table 2

Crude odds ratios for the associations between rheumatoid arthritis patients’ characteristics and the presence of myocardial perfusion defects obtained by logistic regression analysis.

		95% CI for OR
	OR	Lower	Upper	value
Male sex (versus female)	1.009	0.436	2.334	0.984
Age (per year)	1.000	0.971	1.029	0.989
Disease duration (per year)	1.013	0.981	1.047	0.435
BMI (per kg/m^2)	1.120	1.044	1.202	0.002
Ever smoker (versus never smoker)	1.008	0.375	2.711	0.987
Smoking exposure (per year)	1.002	0.918	1.093	0.971
Time under biologics	1.002	0.993	1.010	0.729
DAS28 (4v) (per unit)	0.913	0.710	1.176	0.482
HAQ (per unit)	0.930	0.582	1.485	0.760
log CRP (per unit)	1.129	0.872	1.464	0.357
log ESR (per unit)	0.896	0.562	1.428	0.644
BNP (pg/mL)
<30	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
≥30 and <100	1.635	0.780	3.428	0.193
≥100	5.680	2.038	15.830	0.001
Insulin resistance
<1	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
≥1 and <1.5	2.260	0.816	6.263	0.117
≥1.5 and <2.5	1.361	0.500	3.707	0.546
≥2.5	1.005	0.322	3.135	0.994
TC/HDL ratio (per unit)	0.987	0.704	1.386	0.941
LDL/HDL ratio (per unit)	0.980	0.643	1.495	0.927
ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (per unit)	0.400	0.066	2.424	0.319
TC (per mg/dL)	0.935	0.368	2.377	0.888
LDL (per mg/dL)	0.952	0.295	3.070	0.934
HDL (per mg/dL)	1.005	0.103	9.801	0.996
TGs (per mg/dL)	1.338	0.774	2.314	0.297
ApoA1 (per mg/dL)	1.004	0.992	1.016	0.508
ApoB (per mg/dL)	0.995	0.980	1.010	0.526
Lp(a) (mg/dL) (per unit)	0.985	0.969	1.002	0.076
Uric acid (per mg/L)	1.010	0.989	1.032	0.359
Homocysteine (per µmol/L)	1.013	0.931	1.103	0.757
25(OH) vitamin D3 (per ng/mL)	1.023	0.998	1.048	0.077
Osteocalcin (per ng/mL)	1.010	0.968	1.054	0.651
DKK-1 (pmol/L) (per unit)	1.010	1.002	1.017	0.010
<60	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
≥60 and <90	0.778	0.263	2.297	0.649
≥90 and <133	1.657	0.630	4.355	0.306
≥133	2.690	1.058	6.840	0.038
Sclerostin (per ng/mL)	2.071	0.063	68.436	0.683
log OPG/RANKL (per unit)	1.667	1.106	2.513	0.015
First quartile	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Second quartile	1.357	0.481	3.828	0.564
Third quartile	1.537	0.553	4.268	0.410
Fourth quartile	2.884	1.091	7.622	0.033
Osteoprotegerin (per pmol/L)	1.161	0.987	1.366	0.072
RANKL (per pmol/L)	0.999	0.999	1.000	0.111
Prednisolone (mg a day) (per unit)	1.066	0.984	1.154	0.119
Corticosteroid therapy duration (years) (per unit)	1.010	0.974	1.047	0.588
Methotrexate (mg once a week) (per unit)	0.992	0.952	1.034	0.713
NSAIDs use (current versus not current)	0.823	0.391	1.737	0.610
Bisphosphonates use (ever versus never)	0.671	0.330	1.365	0.271
ACEIs use (current versus not current)	1.615	0.643	4.060	0.308
ARAs use (current versus not current)	2.471	1.015	6.018	0.046
CCAs use (current versus not current)	1.585	0.560	4.490	0.386
BBs use (current versus not current)	1.108	0.335	3.660	0.867
Diuretics use (current versus not current)	2.195	1.018	4.732	0.045
Antidyslipidemic therapy (current versus not current)	0.934	0.430	2.029	0.863
Insulin therapy (current versus not current)	2.059	0.333	12.715	0.437
Oral antidiabetic therapy (current versus not current)	3.031	1.096	8.382	0.033
Diabetes mellitus	1.759	0.559	5.539	0.334
Arterial hypertension	1.460	0.671	3.180	0.340

ACEIs, angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitors; Apo, apolipoprotein; ARAs, angiotensin receptor antagonists; BBs, beta-blockers; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CCAs, calcium channel antagonists; CI, confidence interval; CRP, c-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DAS, disease activity score; DKK-1, dickkopf-1; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Lp(a), lipoprotein (a); NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OPG, osteoprotegerin; OR, odds ratio; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand; TC, total cholesterol; TGs, triglycerides.