Multilevel Thresholding Method Based on Electromagnetism for Accurate Brain MRI Segmentation to Detect White Matter, Gray Matter, and CSF

Table 2

Performance measures for the proposed method and the existing methods for segmenting White Matter (WM) from 10 different MR images.

Algorithm	Sensitivity
	MRI 1	MRI 2	MRI 3	MRI 4	MRI 5	MRI 6	MRI 7	MRI8	MRI 9	MRI 10	Avg
-means	85.54	86.04	82.50	81.29	80.78	80.78	81.14	82.14	80.26	83.20	82.36
FCM	86.78	87.94	84.00	83.42	82.18	82.58	83.42	84.00	90.94	80.78	84.60
OTSU	87.24	89.21	89.06	91.72	89.62	89.62	87.72	88.06	88.21	84.24	88.47
PSO	87.98	89.35	90.25	91.25	88.35	89.96	87.26	89.21	85.25	87.25	88.61
BFA	89.25	89.87	93.56	92.35	89.89	90.35	89.23	89.36	89.25	94.32	90.74
GA	90.56	90.28	93.25	93.25	90.25	92.35	92.35	93.25	90.25	95.26	92.10
FLGMM	94.25	91.23	95.35	92.37	92.35	93.25	93.25	94.25	91.25	96.25	93.38
Proposed	95.65	94.69	96.79	97.04	96.98	97.23	95.04	96.52	92.69	97.65	96.02
Algorithm	Specificity
	MRI 1	MRI 2	MRI 3	MRI 4	MRI 5	MRI 6	MRI 7	MRI8	MRI 9	MRI 10	Avg
-means	86.25	87.25	86.25	89.35	80.25	83.54	86.35	82.47	81.25	82.35	84.53
FCM	87.25	88.54	87.32	89.87	81.25	84.25	87.25	83.24	82.54	83.25	85.47
OTSU	87.98	89.25	88.25	90.25	82.24	85.32	87.96	83.56	83.25	84.25	86.23
PSO	88.25	90.25	89.32	91.55	82.35	85.36	88.35	84.32	84.54	85.24	86.95
BFA	89.95	91.97	94.96	92.78	89.01	91.56	88.56	88.36	90.21	93.32	91.06
GA	91.89	92.25	94.29	92.98	90.89	92.68	92.89	92.25	90.78	92.26	92.31
FLGMM	95.75	92.63	96.85	93.47	91.45	93.47	92.25	94.89	91.65	93.78	93.61
Proposed	96.25	95.99	97.89	97.94	97.87	94.23	96.32	96.69	94.69	98.59	96.64
Algorithm	Segmentation accuracy
	MRI 1	MRI 2	MRI 3	MRI 4	MRI 5	MRI 6	MRI 7	MRI8	MRI 9	MRI 10	Avg
-means	85.02	86.98	83.43	82.97	81.65	81.98	83.24	83.34	80.12	84.34	83.30
FCM	85.13	87.65	84.31	83.86	83.08	83.57	84.32	84.12	91.34	80.45	84.78
OTSU	87.35	88.32	88.14	88.75	89.52	89.82	87.52	88.45	89.56	84.23	88.16
PSO	89.46	89.01	91.25	91.64	87.25	90.97	88.26	89.67	86.78	87.45	89.17
BFA	90.57	90.14	93.48	92.53	90.75	90.53	89.63	90.32	89.26	91.12	90.83
GA	90.68	91.27	94.26	92.32	91.22	91.45	90.89	92.55	91.54	92.65	91.88
FLGMM	94.97	92.50	95.37	91.11	92.54	94.78	92.78	93.56	91.43	93.78	93.28
Proposed	97.56	94.83	96.34	97.95	96.87	97.98	95.09	96.78	94.33	97.56	96.52