Research Article
Multilevel Thresholding Method Based on Electromagnetism for Accurate Brain MRI Segmentation to Detect White Matter, Gray Matter, and CSF
Table 3
Performance measures for the proposed method and the existing methods for segmenting Gray Matter (GM) from 10 different MR images.
| Algorithm | Sensitivity | MRI 1 | MRI 2 | MRI 3 | MRI 4 | MRI 5 | MRI 6 | MRI 7 | MRI 8 | MRI 9 | MRI 10 | Avg |
| -means | 84.21 | 81.56 | 82.34 | 81.35 | 82.54 | 80.96 | 82.35 | 83.25 | 87.39 | 84.36 | 83.03 | FCM | 85.25 | 91.36 | 85.36 | 84.35 | 83.25 | 82.58 | 84.36 | 85.36 | 88.669 | 87.36 | 85.78 | OTSU | 85.35 | 89.71 | 88.06 | 87.72 | 89.62 | 89.62 | 91.72 | 89.06 | 89.21 | 87.24 | 88.73 | PSO | 88.28 | 86.45 | 89.21 | 87.26 | 89.96 | 88.35 | 91.25 | 90.78 | 89.35 | 87.98 | 88.88 | BFA | 95.67 | 90.95 | 89.36 | 89.23 | 90.78 | 89.89 | 92.35 | 93.56 | 89.87 | 89.25 | 91.09 | GA | 96.27 | 91.90 | 93.25 | 92.35 | 92.35 | 90.56 | 93.789 | 93.25 | 90.89 | 90.45 | 92.50 | FLGMM | 96.26 | 92.55 | 94.78 | 93.25 | 93.25 | 92.35 | 92.37 | 95.35 | 91.23 | 94.25 | 93.56 | Proposed | 98.66 | 93.12 | 96.52 | 95.89 | 98.23 | 96.98 | 97.04 | 96.79 | 97.69 | 94.65 | 96.55 |
| Algorithm | Specificity | MRI 1 | MRI 2 | MRI 3 | MRI 4 | MRI 5 | MRI 6 | MRI 7 | MRI8 | MRI 9 | MRI 10 | Avg |
| -means | 86.35 | 87.36 | 86.98 | 89.36 | 81.25 | 84.52 | 86.35 | 82.98 | 81.58 | 83.25 | 84.99 | FCM | 87.96 | 88.69 | 87.59 | 90.35 | 82.32 | 84.36 | 87.36 | 84.35 | 82.36 | 84.35 | 85.96 | OTSU | 87.69 | 90.32 | 89.36 | 91.25 | 83.25 | 86.32 | 88.25 | 84.35 | 84.23 | 85.32 | 87.03 | PSO | 89.32 | 91.33 | 90.22 | 90.25 | 81.25 | 85.25 | 89.35 | 84.25 | 84.25 | 85.96 | 87.14 | BFA | 89.25 | 90.89 | 94.58 | 92.89 | 89.86 | 90.98 | 88.26 | 88.45 | 90.58 | 92.89 | 90.86 | GA | 92.58 | 92.89 | 94.56 | 92.58 | 91.25 | 92.56 | 91.25 | 91.56 | 90.58 | 91.25 | 92.10 | FLGMM | 94.25 | 91.25 | 94.25 | 94.25 | 92.25 | 93.25 | 92.58 | 93.56 | 92.25 | 94.25 | 93.21 | Proposed | 97.25 | 93.88 | 97.58 | 97.36 | 97.25 | 95.28 | 96.58 | 96.25 | 94.89 | 99.25 | 96.55 |
| Algorithm | Segmentation accuracy | MRI 1 | MRI 2 | MRI 3 | MRI 4 | MRI 5 | MRI 6 | MRI 7 | MRI 8 | MRI 9 | MRI 10 | Avg |
| -means | 85.23 | 86.35 | 84.25 | 82.56 | 81.25 | 82.36 | 84.25 | 84.35 | 81.25 | 84.69 | 83.65 | FCM | 85.69 | 87.89 | 84.69 | 84.25 | 83.69 | 84.25 | 85.98 | 84.25 | 92.58 | 81.23 | 85.45 | OTSU | 87.98 | 88.86 | 88.56 | 89.56 | 89.87 | 88.89 | 87.89 | 89.25 | 90.25 | 85.02 | 88.61 | PSO | 90.25 | 90.25 | 91.89 | 91.58 | 87.25 | 90.25 | 88.96 | 89.58 | 86.98 | 87.58 | 89.45 | BFA | 90.58 | 91.25 | 92.36 | 92.69 | 91.02 | 90.89 | 90.25 | 91.22 | 90.25 | 91.69 | 91.22 | GA | 90.98 | 91.35 | 94.25 | 92.69 | 91.75 | 91.85 | 90.25 | 91.78 | 91.58 | 92.58 | 91.90 | FLGMM | 95.05 | 92.69 | 95.86 | 91.58 | 92.89 | 94.25 | 92.89 | 93.89 | 91.25 | 92.58 | 93.29 | Proposed | 97.85 | 94.98 | 96.58 | 98.02 | 97.25 | 98.25 | 95.69 | 96.84 | 94.58 | 97.86 | 96.79 |
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