Multilevel Thresholding Method Based on Electromagnetism for Accurate Brain MRI Segmentation to Detect White Matter, Gray Matter, and CSF

Table 4

Performance measures for the proposed method and the existing methods for segmenting CSF from 10 different MR images.

Algorithm	Sensitivity
	MRI 1	MRI 2	MRI 3	MRI 4	MRI 5	MRI 6	MRI 7	MRI 8	MRI 9	MRI 10	Avg
-means	85.34	83.25	83.69	82.58	83.56	81.25	83.78	84.25	87.69	85.23	84.06
FCM	86.36	91.89	86.32	85.25	84.25	83.56	85.69	86.45	89.36	88.21	86.73
OTSU	85.98	89.99	89.12	87.56	90.25	90.89	92.45	89.04	89.21	88.25	89.27
PSO	88.69	86.89	90.24	88.20	90.21	89.25	91.78	91.00	90.25	88.25	89.47
BFA	96.25	91.25	90.78	89.21	90.58	90.25	93.01	94.25	88.25	89.12	91.29
GA	96.89	91.99	94.25	93.25	93.56	90.24	92.25	93.25	91.24	91.89	92.88
FLGMM	96.96	92.89	95.14	93.89	93.74	93.58	95.89	95.89	92.58	95.86	94.64
Proposed	99.84	94.25	97.58	96.58	99.21	95.25	97.01	97.21	97.25	94.89	96.90
Algorithm	Specificity
	MRI 1	MRI 2	MRI 3	MRI 4	MRI 5	MRI 6	MRI 7	MRI 8	MRI 9	MRI 10	Avg
K-means	86.21	87.25	85.25	90.24	81.89	85.28	87.25	83.25	82.54	84.25	85.34
FCM	88.01	89.25	87.98	91.25	83.25	85.25	88.56	85.24	83.25	85.28	86.73
OTSU	87.99	90.89	90.25	91.29	83.24	86.99	88.74	85.20	85.24	85.96	87.57
PSO	90.24	92.14	90.29	90.89	82.14	85.89	90.21	85.21	85.24	86.21	87.84
BFA	90.21	91.25	95.21	93.25	90.21	91.25	89.25	89.24	91.45	93.24	91.45
GA	93.25	93.56	95.24	92.89	92.14	92.89	92.14	92.25	91.25	92.27	92.78
FLGMM	95.89	92.89	95.86	95.76	92.89	93.56	92.78	93.86	92.86	94.78	94.11
Proposed	97.85	94.85	97.89	97.86	97.58	96.24	95.21	96.57	94.85	99.14	96.80
Algorithm	Segmentation accuracy
	MRI 1	MRI 2	MRI 3	MRI 4	MRI 5	MRI 6	MRI 7	MRI 8	MRI 9	MRI 10	Avg
-means	85.78	86.59	85.24	83.25	82.12	86.25	85.24	84.25	82.21	85.25	84.61
FCM	85.96	87.25	84.89	84.56	83.96	84.58	85.99	84.89	92.56	82.54	85.71
OTSU	87.96	89.56	88.21	88.56	88.56	89.12	87.88	89.59	90.78	85.89	88.61
PSO	90.45	91.24	91.99	92.12	88.21	91.25	89.25	90.21	87.21	87.89	89.98
BFA	90.24	91.53	92.01	92.58	91.56	91.89	90.21	91.25	91.88	91.54	91.46
GA	90.99	92.45	95.89	93.21	92.14	92.45	91.26	92.79	91.89	92.96	92.60
FLGMM	95.86	92.99	95.99	91.89	92.56	94.58	93.25	96.89	93.58	93.12	94.07
Proposed	97.58	95.01	96.89	98.25	97.14	98.45	95.25	96.99	95.84	98.21	96.96