Association of CHADS₂ and CHA₂DS₂-VASc Scores with Left Atrial Thrombus with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Single Center Based Retrospective Study in a Cohort of 2695 Chinese Subjects

Table 1

Characteristics of 2,695 patients who performed transesophageal echocardiogram before ablation and cardioversion.

Characteristic	Mean ± SD or number (%)
Age, years	57.8 ± 11.8
Age groups
<65	1848 (68.6)
65–74	708 (26.3)
≥75	139 (5.2)
Men	1824 (67.7)
Nonparoxysmal AF	437 (16.2)
Congestive heart failure	446 (16.5)
Hypertension	1075 (39.9)
Diabetes mellitus	273 (10.1)
Stroke/TIA/systemic embolic event	98 (3.6)
Vascular disease	39 (1.4)
Cardiomyopathy	69 (2.6)
Coronary heart disease	196 (7.3)
CHADS2
0	1234 (45.8)
1	971 (36.0)
2	344 (12.8)
3	114 (4.2)
4	27 (1.0)
5	5 (0.2)
CHA2DS2-VASC
0	728 (27.0)
1	855 (31.7)
2	592 (22.0)
3	317 (11.8)
4	135 (5.0)
5	50 (1.9)
6	16 (0.6)
7	2 (0.1)
PT-INR at the time of TEE	1.22 ± 0.47
<1.5	2278 (84.5%)
1.5–2.0	215 (8.0%)
>2.0	202 (7.5%)
Left atrial spontaneous echo contrast	124 (4.6%)
LAT	81 (3.0%)
LAD (mm)	36.9 ± 5.9
LAE	747 (27.7%)
LVEF%	65.1 ± 7.4
LVEF% ≤ 40%	32 (1.2%)

AF = atrial fibrillation; TIA = transient ischemic attack; CHADS2 = congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack [double risk weight]; CHA2DS2-VASc = congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years [doubled risk weight], diabetes mellitus, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack [doubled risk weight], vascular disease, age 65 to 74 years, and sex; TEE = transesophageal echocardiogram; LAT = left atrial thrombus; LAE = left atrial enlargement; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.