Clinical Study
Unilateral Arm Crank Exercise Test for Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Individuals with Hemiparetic Stroke
Table 1
Participant characteristics.
| | Variable | Stroke
() | Control
() | 95% CI | value |
| | Age (years), mean ± SD | 56.4 ± 7.3 | 58.3 ± 7.8 | −7.7, 4.1 | 0.535 | | Sex, (%) | | | | | | Men | 11 (68.8) | 4 (33.3) | NA | 0.125 | | Women | 5 (31.2) | 8 (66.7) | | Height (m), mean ± SD | 1.66 ± 0.09 | 1.61 ± 0.11 | −0.03, 0.12 | 0.206 | | Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 60.3 ± 10.7 | 59.7 ± 12.1 | −8.2, 9.6 | 0.877 | | Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 21.9 ± 2.9 | 22.9 ± 2.9 | −3.2, 1.3 | 0.406 | | Antihypertensive medications, (%) | | | | | | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | NA | <0.001 | | Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 5 (31.2) | 0 (0.0) | | Calcium channel blocker | 11 (68.8) | 0 (0.0) | | Comorbidities, (%) | | | | | | Hypertension | 14 (87.5) | 0 (0.0) | NA | <0.001 | | Diabetes mellitus | 5 (31.2) | 0 (0.0) | | Hyperlipidemia | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | | Type of stroke, (%) | | | | | | Ischemic | 5 (31.2) | NA | | | | Hemorrhagic | 11 (68.8) | | Side affected by stroke, (%) | | | | | | Right | 6 (37.5) | NA | | | | Left | 10 (62.5) | | Time since stroke (days), mean ± SD | 101 ± 39 | NA | | | | Brunnstrom recovery stages of lower extremity, (%) | | | | | | II | 3 (18.7) | NA | | | | III | 4 (25.0) | | IV | 3 (18.7) | | V | 3 (18.7) | | VI | 3 (18.7) |
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95% CI: 95% confidence interval of the difference between the means (stroke group − control group), NA: not applicable.
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