Nonsurgical Treatment for Vocal Fold Leukoplakia: An Analysis of 178 Cases

Table 2

Characteristics of baseline patient information.

	Flat and smooth	Elevated and smooth	Rough
Gender
Male	63	99	9	0.675
Female	3	4	0
Age	48.7 ± 8.5	49.3 ± 8.4	63.3 ± 7.9	<0.001
Smoking
Yes	48	87	8	0.145
No	18	16	1
Alcohol consumption
Yes	27	46	1	0.132
No	39	57	8
Laryngopharyngeal reflux
Yes	13	20	1	0.503
No	53	83	8
Voice abuse
Yes	58	90	7	1.000
No	8	13	2
Site of lesion
Unilateral vocal cord	21	44	6	0.089
Bilateral vocal cords	45	59	3

comparisons were by Fisher’s exact test except age (one-way analysis of variance).