Research Article
Posttransplant Anemia as a Prognostic Factor of Mortality in Kidney-Transplant Recipients
Table 1
Characteristics of the sample (
= 318).
| | Characteristics of the sample at baseline | Died after transplant | Survived after transplant | value | | (%) or mean ± SD | (%) or mean ± SD |
| | Age | 48.4 ± 6.8 | 46.9 ± 7.4 | 0.001 |
| | Gender | | | | | Male | 24 (47.1%) | 159 (59.6%) | 0.05 | | Female | 27 (52.9%) | 108 (40.4%) |
| | Duration on dialysis before KT (in years) | 3.7 ± 2.1 | 3.5 ± 2.9 | n.s. |
| | Primary diagnosis of kidney failure | | | | | Glomerulonephritis | 19 (37.3%) | 96 (36.0%) | n.s. | | Tubulointerstitial nephritis | 12 (23.5%) | 66 (24.7%) | | Vascular disease | 3 (5.9%) | 28 (10.5%) | | Polycystic kidneys adult type | 2 (3.9%) | 19 (7.1%) | | Diabetic nephropathy | 8 (15.7%) | 13 (4.9%) | | Others or unknown | 7 (13.7%) | 45 (16.8%) |
| | Source of transplanted kidney | | | | | Deceased donor | 47 (92.2%) | 256 (95.9%) | n.s. | | Living donor | 4 (7.8%) | 11 (4.1%) |
| | Function immediately after KT | | | | | Immediate function | 27 (52.9%) | 150 (56.2%) | n.s. | | Delayed function | 24 (47.1%) | 117 (43.8%) |
| | Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 61.2 ± 19.8 | 63.8 ± 20.1 | 0.001 |
| | CKD stage | | | | | 1 | 5 (9.8%) | 18 (6.7%) | 0.07 | | 2 | 20 (39.2%) | 115 (43.2%) | | 3a + 3b | 21(41.2%) | 101 (37.8%) | | 4 | 3 (5.9%) | 11 (4.1%) | | 5 | 2 (3.9%) | 22 (8.2%) |
| | Hemoglobin value (g/dl) | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 12.7 ± 2.1 | 0.001 |
| | Posttransplant anemia | | | | | Severe (Hb < 10.0 g/dl) | 8 (15.8%) | 19 (7.1%) | 0.001 | | Mild (10.0 ≤ Hb < 12.0 g/dl) | 17 (33.3%) | 55 (20.6%) | | No anemia (Hb 12.0 g/dl) | 26 (50.9%) | 193 (72.3%) |
| | Therapy for anemia | | | | | ESA | 3 (5.9%) | 11 (4.1%) | n.s. | | Iron | 8 (15.7%) | 39 (14.6%) | | Folic acid | 14 (27.4%) | 19 (7.1%) | | Cobalamin | 2 (3.9%) | 4 (1.5%) | | Pyridoxine | 1(2.0%) | 9 (3.4%) | | Ascorbic acid | 3 (5.9%) | 11 (4.1%) |
| | Acute rejection episodes | 17 (33.3%) | 78 (29.2%) | n.s. |
| | Type of rejection treatment | | | | | Steroids | 9 (17.6%) | 63 (23.6%) | n.s. | | Antithymocyte globulin | 2 (3.9%) | 8 (3.0%) | | Plasmapheresis | 1(2.0%) | 5 (1.9%) | | Plasmapheresis + i.v. immunoglobuline | 1(2.0%) | 6 (2.2%) |
| | Chronic renal allograft dysfunction | 8 (15.7%) | 34 (12.7%) | n.s. |
| | Uroinfection (including pyelonephritis of graft) | 14 (27.4%) | 71 (26.6%) | n.s. |
| | Immunosuppression treatment | | | | | CsA + P | 7 (13.7%) | 29 (10.9%) | n.s. | | CsA + AZA/CsA + AZA + P | 8 (15.7%) | 16 (6.0%) | | CsA + MMF/CsA + MMF + P | 23 (45.1%) | 131 (49.0%) | | Tac + MMF/Tac + MMF + P | 11 (21.6%) | 86 (32.2%) | | SIR + MMF + P/EVER + CsA + MMF | 2 (3.9%) | 5 (1.9%) |
| | Comorbidities | | | | | Coronary artery disease | 11 (21.6%) | 67 (25.1%) | n.s. | | Severe cardiac failure | 15 (29.4%) | 57 (21.3%) | 0.09 | | Myocardial infarction | 3 (5.9%) | 14 (5.2%) | n.s. | | Hypertension | 37 (72.5%) | 189 (70.8%) | n.s. | | Diabetes mellitus identified before KT | 8 (15.7%) | 22 (8.2%) | n.s. | | NODAT | 3 (5.9%) | 14 (5.2%) | n.s. | | CKD-MBD | 23 (45.1%) | 140 (52.4%) | n.s. | | Other comorbidities: ≥2 | 1(2.0%) | 8 (3.0%) | n.s. |
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Level of significance < 0.1; /: number, SD: standard deviation, AZA: azathioprine, CKD: chronic kidney disease, MBD: mineral bone disorder, NODAT: new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation, CsA: cyclosporine A, ESA: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, EVER: everolimus, Hb: hemoglobin, KT: kidney transplantation, n.s.: not significant, MMF: mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolate sodium, P: prednisone, SIR: sirolimus, and Tac: tacrolimus.
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