Foot Structure in Boys with Down Syndrome

Table 2

Comparison of foot structure parameters recorded for the DS group and control group.

Age; [years]	DS group			Control group
		Me	Max–min		Me	Max–min
Length of the right foot [cm]
14	20.98 ± 0.98	20.90	22.50–19.30	24.40 ± 1.34	24.35	26.50–21.50		<0.00
15	23.12 ± 1.59	23.25	26.00–20.50	25.39 ± 0.60	25.20	26.90–24.70		<0.00
Length of the left foot [cm]
14	20.86 ± 0.92	20.60	22.50–19.40	24.48 ± 1.35	24.20	26.90–21.50		<0.00
15	23.14 ± 1.69	23.10	26.50–20.90	25.52 ± 0.74	25.30	26.90–24.50
Width of the right foot [cm]
14	8.27 ± 0.64	8.45	9.20–7.10	8.89 ± 0.89	8.90	10.70–7.50
15	8.62 ± 0.50	8.70	9.30–7.50	8.87 ± 0.67	8.90	9.90–8.00		0.274
Width of the left foot [cm]
14	8.42 ± 0.55	8.60	9.30–7.20	8.99 ± 0.78	8.90	10.30–7.50
15	9.01 ± 0.70	9.10	10.10–7.60	9.03 ± 0.70	9.05	10.20–8.00		0.958
Clarke’s angle of the right foot [°]—the medial longitudinal foot arch
14	21.06 ± 11.32	20.50	38.00–4.00	42.88 ± 9.46	41.00	56.00–16.00		<0.00
15	20.36 ± 9.99	18.50	34.00–3.00	38.79 ± 8.32	40.00	50.00–20.00		<0.00
Clarke’s angle of the left foot [°]—the medial longitudinal foot arch
14	19.50 ± 9.65	19.50	38.00–3.00	41.81 ± 9.81	40.50	55.00–14.00		<0.00
15	19.00 ± 12.30	19.00	50.00–4.00	36.50 ± 6.45	37.00	45.00–18.00		<0.00
Wejsflog index of the right foot—the transverse foot arch
14	2.54 ± 0.22	2.55	2.87–2.10	2.75 ± 0.22	2.71	3.00–2.30
15	2.68 ± 0.17	2.73	2.92–2.36	2.84 ± 0.16	2.85	3.00–2.60
Wejsflog index of the left foot—the transverse foot arch
14	2.48 ± 0.19	2.47	2.86–2.20	2.73 ± 0.18	2.79	3.00–2.35
15	2.57 ± 0.16	2.59	2.79–2.27	2.81 ± 0.16	2.84	3.00–2.59
Hallux valgus angle (α) of the right foot [°]
14	5.81 ± 5.82	4.00	20.00–0.00	3.12 ± 4.47	1.50	16.00–0.00		0.094
15	3.36 ± 3.63	2.00	10.00–0.00	3.79 ± 3.26	4.00	9.00–0.00		0.769
Hallux valgus angle (α) of the left foot [°]
14	7.81 ± 6.36	6.50	25.00–0.00	4.00 ± 4.56	2.00	14.00–0.00		0.056
15	6.07 ± 6.44	4.00	22.00–0.00	5.64 ± 4.18	5.50	13.00–0.00		0.804
The V toe varus deformity angle (β) of the right foot [°]
14	4.00 ± 5.72	0.00	16.00–0.00	15.25 ± 7.06	17.00	24.00–0.00		<0.00
15	9.93 ± 5.08	9.50	18.00–0.00	15.64 ± 6.82	16.50	26.00–0.00
The V toe varus deformity angle (β) of the left foot [°]
14	3.13 ± 4.99	0.50	17.00–0.00	13.25 ± 6.41	13.00	23.00–0.00		<0.00
15	7.00 ± 7.37	7.50	22.00–0.00	14.79 ± 5.04	14.00	26.00–6.00

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