Research Article
Foot Structure in Boys with Down Syndrome
Table 2
Comparison of foot structure parameters recorded for the DS group and control group.
| Age [years] | DS group | Control group | | | | Me | Max–min | | Me | Max–min |
| Length of the right foot [cm] | 14 | 20.98 ± 0.98 | 20.90 | 22.50–19.30 | 24.40 ± 1.34 | 24.35 | 26.50–21.50 | | <0.00 | 15 | 23.12 ± 1.59 | 23.25 | 26.00–20.50 | 25.39 ± 0.60 | 25.20 | 26.90–24.70 | | <0.00 |
| Length of the left foot [cm] | 14 | 20.86 ± 0.92 | 20.60 | 22.50–19.40 | 24.48 ± 1.35 | 24.20 | 26.90–21.50 | | <0.00 | 15 | 23.14 ± 1.69 | 23.10 | 26.50–20.90 | 25.52 ± 0.74 | 25.30 | 26.90–24.50 | | |
| Width of the right foot [cm] | 14 | 8.27 ± 0.64 | 8.45 | 9.20–7.10 | 8.89 ± 0.89 | 8.90 | 10.70–7.50 | | | 15 | 8.62 ± 0.50 | 8.70 | 9.30–7.50 | 8.87 ± 0.67 | 8.90 | 9.90–8.00 | | 0.274 |
| Width of the left foot [cm] | 14 | 8.42 ± 0.55 | 8.60 | 9.30–7.20 | 8.99 ± 0.78 | 8.90 | 10.30–7.50 | | | 15 | 9.01 ± 0.70 | 9.10 | 10.10–7.60 | 9.03 ± 0.70 | 9.05 | 10.20–8.00 | | 0.958 |
| Clarke’s angle of the right foot [°]—the medial longitudinal foot arch | 14 | 21.06 ± 11.32 | 20.50 | 38.00–4.00 | 42.88 ± 9.46 | 41.00 | 56.00–16.00 | | <0.00 | 15 | 20.36 ± 9.99 | 18.50 | 34.00–3.00 | 38.79 ± 8.32 | 40.00 | 50.00–20.00 | | <0.00 |
| Clarke’s angle of the left foot [°]—the medial longitudinal foot arch | 14 | 19.50 ± 9.65 | 19.50 | 38.00–3.00 | 41.81 ± 9.81 | 40.50 | 55.00–14.00 | | <0.00 | 15 | 19.00 ± 12.30 | 19.00 | 50.00–4.00 | 36.50 ± 6.45 | 37.00 | 45.00–18.00 | | <0.00 |
| Wejsflog index of the right foot—the transverse foot arch | 14 | 2.54 ± 0.22 | 2.55 | 2.87–2.10 | 2.75 ± 0.22 | 2.71 | 3.00–2.30 | | | 15 | 2.68 ± 0.17 | 2.73 | 2.92–2.36 | 2.84 ± 0.16 | 2.85 | 3.00–2.60 | | |
| Wejsflog index of the left foot—the transverse foot arch | 14 | 2.48 ± 0.19 | 2.47 | 2.86–2.20 | 2.73 ± 0.18 | 2.79 | 3.00–2.35 | | | 15 | 2.57 ± 0.16 | 2.59 | 2.79–2.27 | 2.81 ± 0.16 | 2.84 | 3.00–2.59 | | |
| Hallux valgus angle (α) of the right foot [°] | 14 | 5.81 ± 5.82 | 4.00 | 20.00–0.00 | 3.12 ± 4.47 | 1.50 | 16.00–0.00 | | 0.094 | 15 | 3.36 ± 3.63 | 2.00 | 10.00–0.00 | 3.79 ± 3.26 | 4.00 | 9.00–0.00 | | 0.769 |
| Hallux valgus angle (α) of the left foot [°] | 14 | 7.81 ± 6.36 | 6.50 | 25.00–0.00 | 4.00 ± 4.56 | 2.00 | 14.00–0.00 | | 0.056 | 15 | 6.07 ± 6.44 | 4.00 | 22.00–0.00 | 5.64 ± 4.18 | 5.50 | 13.00–0.00 | | 0.804 |
| The V toe varus deformity angle (β) of the right foot [°] | 14 | 4.00 ± 5.72 | 0.00 | 16.00–0.00 | 15.25 ± 7.06 | 17.00 | 24.00–0.00 | | <0.00 | 15 | 9.93 ± 5.08 | 9.50 | 18.00–0.00 | 15.64 ± 6.82 | 16.50 | 26.00–0.00 | | |
| The V toe varus deformity angle (β) of the left foot [°] | 14 | 3.13 ± 4.99 | 0.50 | 17.00–0.00 | 13.25 ± 6.41 | 13.00 | 23.00–0.00 | | <0.00 | 15 | 7.00 ± 7.37 | 7.50 | 22.00–0.00 | 14.79 ± 5.04 | 14.00 | 26.00–6.00 | | |
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