Effects of Electrostatic Field on Osteoblast Cells for Bone Regeneration Applications

Figure 5

(a) In the absence of EFID, a lower initial cell density expresses more COA1A1 while a higher initial cell density tends to differentiate and expresses higher OCN. (b) In the presence of EFID, a lower initial cell density stimulates to differentiate (high OCN expression) while a higher initial cell density remains to establish extracellular matrix (high COL1A1 expression).

(a) Without EFID

(b) With EFID