Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway

Figure 5

Ginsenoside Rg1 suppressed CS-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in HBE cells. (a) HBE cells were treated with 10% CSE for 0–60 min; Smad2 was phosphorylated by CSE with maximal phosphorylation at 30 min; the phosphorylation was significantly suppressed by ginsenoside Rg1 (40 μM) treatment. (b) Smad3 was phosphorylated in response to CSE stimulation and peaked at 30 min; the phosphorylation could be abated by ginsenoside Rg1 (40 μM) treatment. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD; = 3 per group. Statistical significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s posttest. and .

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