Review Article

Establishment and Application of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells in the Era of Precision Medicine

Table 1

Studies that reported detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with prostate cancer.

StudyNumber of
patients
CTCs enrichment methodMarkersStage of diseaseTreatment

Danila et al. [88] (2007)120CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCChemotherapy
de Bono et al. [89] (2008)231CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCChemotherapy
Goodman Jr. et al. [90] (2009)100CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCChemotherapy
Scher et al. [91] (2009)156CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCSurgery/chemotherapy
Olmos et al. [92] (2009)119CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCChemotherapy
Joung et al. [93] (2010)103Nested RT-PCRPSCA-mRNA+High-risk PCRadical prostatectomy
Coumans et al. [94] (2010)179CellSearchEpCAM+ CD45− CK+
CRPCChemotherapy
Joung et al. [95] (2010)134Nested RT-PCRPSMA mRNA+Localized PCRadical prostatectomy
Strijobs et al. [96] (2010)154CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Danila et al. [97] (2011)48CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCAbiraterone
Scher et al. [98] (2013)144CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCCabozantinib
Thalgott et al. [99] (2013)55CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Okegawa et al. [100] (2014)57CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Danila et al. [101] (2014)97 RT-PCR assay Not reportedCRPCNot reported
Goldkorn et al. [102] (2014)263CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Antonarakis et al. [103] (2014)62AdnaTestPSA+ PSMA+or EGFR+CRPCEnzalutamide and abiraterone
Chang et al. [104] (2015)70CellSearchNot reportedCRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Scher et al. [105] (2015)711CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCAbiraterone or prednisone
Fleisher et al. [106] (2015)258CellSearchEpCAM+ CD45− CK+CRPCEnzalutamide
Thalgott et al. [107] (2015)33CellSearchEpCAM+ CK+ nucleic acid+CRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Lorente et al. [108] (2015)439CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCAbiraterone or
chemotherapy
Crespo et al. [109] (2015)48CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCEnzalutamide and abiraterone
Onstenk et al. [110] (2015)29CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCCabazitaxel based chemotherapy
Antonarakis et al. [111] (2015)37AdnaTestPSA+ PSMA+ or EGFR+CRPCChemotherapy
Bitting et al. [112] (2015)89CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCChemotherapy
Lorente et al. [113] (2016)486CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCAbiraterone plus prednisone or prednisone
Vogelzang et al. [114] (2017)208CellSearchCD45− CK+CRPCDocetaxel based chemotherapy
Tsumura et al. [115] (2017)59CellSearchDAPI+ CK+ CD45−Nonmetastatic PCBrachytherapy

CTC: circulating tumor cell; CK: cytokeratins; CRPC: castrate-resistant prostate cancer; EpCAM: epithelial cell adhesion molecule; RT-PCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction; PSCA: prostate stem cell antigen; PC: prostate cancer; PSMA: prostate specific membrane antigen; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor.